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2024-08-13 at 2:43 AM UTC👑⛀ The King's Tax stands proud
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2024-08-13 at 3:08 AM UTChttps://rarible.com/token/0xc9154424b823b10579895ccbe442d41b9abd96ed:92361987246126743518262879048655234079580064387299463756989936838147926130689
bit.ly/SHEEP℻
https://rarible.com/token/0xc9154424b823b10579895ccbe442d41b9abd96ed:92361987246126743518262879048655234079580064387299463756989936838147926130689
bit.ly/SHEEP℻
https://rarible.com/token/0xc9154424b823b10579895ccbe442d41b9abd96ed:92361987246126743518262879048655234079580064387299463756989936838147926130689
bit.ly/SHEEP℻ -
2024-08-15 at 2:53 AM UTC
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2024-08-15 at 1:16 PM UTC
COV file format:
If you can determine the file format, the associated program can also be determined. The initial characters of a file are called signature, sometimes also referred to as "magic bytes". The signature can be used to infer the file format. Frequently, however, one file extension is used by different programs for different file formats, and one file format for different file extensions. If there are problems opening a file, you must first determine the file format used. Our analysis of the COV files produces the following result:
The COV file extension is not widely used. Such a file is used by many programs, each with its own file format. The two most popular formats are as follows:
20% of all COV files have the same signature FAXCOVER-VER005w. They consist of illegible, cryptic characters. A typical file size is 10 KB. The files contain the following words: EMF and FAXCOVER-VER005w. A common filename is confident.cov or GENERIC.cov. Files like these are about page, nocallednum and cover.
10% of all COV files start with the bytes F7 08 00 00 5A 55 4C 55 20 31 34 crucial for this file format. These files are binary files, so they do not contain text, but only cryptic characters. COV files are between 700 KB and 23 MB in size. The following keywords are characteristic: ZULU 14. Files like these are about house.
All other COV files (70%) have no consistent format, the following 7 formats exist: BullseyeCoverage. Often described as applied, indipendenti or epub. You can get all the details of your COV file by dragging it onto this page or by clicking the button "Choose your .cov file to analyze" above.
Fax formats
Abaton (rT4)
AdTech (.adt)
Async Professional Fax (.apf)
AWD (At Work Document) / FaxView (Microsoft) (.awd)
BitFax (Bitware) (.bfx)
Brooktrout Fax-Mail (.brk, .300, .301)
Brother Fax (.uni)
Calculus EZ-Fax (.ezf)
Canon Navigator Fax (.can)
CCITT Group 3 (.g3, .fax, .gp3, .cg3)
CCITT Group 4 (.g4)
Complete Fax Portable (.cfp, .001)
Complete PC / Complete Fax (.cpf)
DCX (.dcx)
defFax (.fff)
dexNET (Fujitsu) (.dxn)
Digifax (.fax, .g3f)
eFax (.efx)
Everex Everfax (.efax, .ef3)
Fax96 (Frecom / Fremont) (.f96)
FAXability Plus (.pb)
Faxable PCX (.fcx)
Faxable TIFF (.ftf)
Fax Cover document (.cpd, .cpe)
FaxGrapper transcribed text (.ocr)
Fax image (.scr)
FAXit phonebook (.fxd)
FaxMaker (.fmk)
FaxManager / Fax man / FaxMan Jr / FaxWizard (.fmf)
FaxMaster Document (.inm)
FaxNOW! Faxit phone book (.pbd)
faxSTF FAX File (Rx) (RFax)
faxSTF FAX File (Tx) (SFAX)
FaxWorks (.adp, .ctl, .vmf)
FAXX (IFF-FAXX)
GammaFax (Gammalink) (.gmf, .gam)
Generic fax (.fax, .1, .001)
HotFax (.hfx)
Image Exchange Format
Image System (.ig4)
Imaging Fax (.g3n, .3gn)
J2 Fax (.jfx)
JetFax / Hybrid JetFax (.jet)
JetFax Faxbook (.bk)
JTFax (Hayes) (.jtf, .001)
Kofax DS (.ds)
Kofax Group 4 Bitmap (.kfx)
Microsoft Cover Page Editor cover page (.cov)
Mobile FAX (.rfa)
OAZ Fax / NetFax Manager (.oaz, .xfx)
Olicom Fax (.ofx)
Olifax voice (.rvo)
Perfectfax (AdTech) (.adt, .f01)
Product R&D (.f01, .prd)
Prometheus MaxFax (FTIF)
PWG Raster
QuickLink II (.qfx) [1]
Ricoh Fax (.001, .ric)
RightFax Executable (.ndr)
RingCentral (.r0f)
SciFax (.sci)
SmartFax (American Data Tech) (.smf, .1)
Structured Fax File (.sff)
Super FAX 2000 - Fax-Mail 96 (.301)
SuperFax Logo (.lgo)
TEFAX (Relisys) (.tef)
Teli Fax (.mh)
TIFF-FX / TIFX (.tif, .tfx)
TurboFax (Imavox) (.tbf)
UltraFax - QmodemProPhone list (.phn)
VentaFax (.vfx)
VentaFax Cover Page (.vfc)
VentaFax Logbook (.vlg)
VOS raw fax (.raw)
Win95 Cover Page Editor fax cover sheet (.cpe)
WinFax (.wfx, .fxo, .fxs, .fxd, .fxr, .fxm)
WinFax Cover Page (.cvp)
WinFax Pro phonebook (.pb)
WorldPort (.wfx, .wpf)
Xerox MicroFax (.mif)
Xerox EDMICS-MMR (.mmr, .ed)
Xerox EDMICS-RLC (.rlc)
Xionics Fax (.smp)
Zetafax (.g3f)
Zetafax superfine (.g3s)
ZFax / Zyxel voice file (ad2, .ad3, .zad, .zvd) [2]
ZSoft Graphics File Format (.zgf) -
2024-08-15 at 7:59 PM UTC
75675675675⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹ 𝓱𝓲𝔀𝓮𝓵𝓬𝓸𝓶𝓮𝓽𝓸𝓶𝔔𝓻縝𝓮𝓽𝓸𝓶 ▄.██🔄██.██████.██🔁██.▀██▀➷𝓱𝓮𝓻𝓮 '𝓼𝓼𝓸𝓶𝓮𝓯𝓾𝓷𝓯𝓪𝓬𝓽𝓼𝓪𝓫𝓽𝓶（ ⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹❤️-𝓷𝓪𝓶𝓮（name）✮✮✮☆StupidnoobopenedThe SecretCowportal🚜３𝓝之一♉♊♋♌♍♓♒♑♐♏♎💡-𝓯𝓪𝓿𝓬𝓸𝓵𝓸❤ ⊹⊹ ⊹⊹ ⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹𝓬𝓾𝓻𝓻𝓮𝓷 𝓭𝔀/ ⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹🧣-羊，莫洛託一切，三角主義，南瓜維爾門戶，DH， AumShin4rikyo、animegirlz、毒品、日本、SpaceKEK、*chans、化學、老鼠、海盜、共產主義者、波蘭、印度教寺廟、黑幫說唱、Totse Tapes、Lannyism、種族主義、跨性別者、電玩遊戲、MercDonalds、420LSD、駭客、greysec、filezandliterature、totse、zoklet義大利、南卡羅來納州、JENK、Jeff Hunterthe Taipain EniggaEgypt、占星術、恐怖主義、色情與性、以色列、三角形ASCIIANSI、秘密化學、核彈、 DJSmokey 卡通與動漫、科幻小說、戰鎚、St.Rocknose、印第安納州、Ellaria SandsofTime、Moloch、TempleOS、SonicFurries、Y2K、病毒，RetroTek，9 /11、BigBucks、自由派無政府主義、shinyivysaur、BBS、PSI 、醫學、異常不明飛行物、超自然現象、槍支、生存、死亡、生命、Druidswinamp、邦迪、肉荳蔻、香料、寺廟、任天堂/馬裡奧、AIcards、商店、律師、diy、無線電衛星,greennrg,植物學,文書工作,死牛崇拜,hebewology,sunra,非洲/奈及利亞,委內瑞拉,laincham,我的世界,osrscrack,孟菲斯,cryptp,賭博,遊戲,原始資料,gonts,自閉症/心理健康,oldDOSsoftwarez,melonz ,eggplantshadowbhutanesebrokersbankers,shadowmarket,ankh ！！ ⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹ ⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹ ⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹➷ 𝓶𝓮𝓻𝓻𝔂𝔁𝓶𝓪𝓼༄⊹⊹⊹⊹
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2024-08-15 at 11:28 PM UTC಄ ಄
᐀ ᐁ ᐂ ᐃ ᐄ ᐅ ᐆ ᐇ ᐈ ᐉ ᐊ ᐋ ᐌ ᐍ ᐎ ᐏ
ᐐ ᐑ ᐒ ᐓ ᐔ ᐕ ᐖ ᐗ ᐘ ᐙ ᐚ ᐛ ᐜ ᐝ ᐞ ᐟ
ᐠ ᐡ ᐢ ᐣ ᐤ ᐥ ᐦ ᐧ ᐨ ᐩ ᐪ ᐫ ᐬ ᐭ ᐮ ᐯ
ᐰ ᐱ ᐲ ᐳ ᐴ ᐵ ᐶ ᐷ ᐸ ᐹ ᐺ ᐻ ᐼ ᐽ ᐾ ᐿ
ᑀ ᑁ ᑂ ᑃ ᑄ ᑅ ᑆ ᑇ ᑈ ᑉ ᑊ ᑋ ᑌ ᑍ ᑎ ᑏ
ᑐ ᑑ ᑒ ᑓ ᑔ ᑕ ᑖ ᑗ ᑘ ᑙ ᑚ ᑛ ᑜ ᑝ ᑞ ᑟ
ᑠ ᑡ ᑢ ᑣ ᑤ ᑥ ᑦ ᑧ ᑨ ᑩ ᑪ ᑫ ᑬ ᑭ ᑮ ᑯ
ᑰ ᑱ ᑲ ᑳ ᑴ ᑵ ᑶ ᑷ ᑸ ᑹ ᑺ ᑻ ᑼ ᑽ ᑾ ᑿ
ᒀ ᒁ ᒂ ᒃ ᒄ ᒅ ᒆ ᒇ ᒈ ᒉ ᒊ ᒋ ᒌ ᒍ ᒎ ᒏ
ᒐ ᒑ ᒒ ᒓ ᒔ ᒕ ᒖ ᒗ ᒘ ᒙ ᒚ ᒛ ᒜ ᒝ ᒞ ᒟ
ᒠ ᒡ ᒢ ᒣ ᒤ ᒥ ᒦ ᒧ ᒨ ᒩ ᒪ ᒫ ᒬ ᒭ ᒮ ᒯ
ᒰ ᒱ ᒲ ᒳ ᒴ ᒵ ᒶ ᒷ ᒸ ᒹ ᒺ ᒻ ᒼ ᒽ ᒾ ᒿ
ᓀ ᓁ ᓂ ᓃ ᓄ ᓅ ᓆ ᓇ ᓈ ᓉ ᓊ ᓋ ᓌ ᓍ ᓎ ᓏ
ᓐ ᓑ ᓒ ᓓ ᓔ ᓕ ᓖ ᓗ ᓘ ᓙ ᓚ ᓛ ᓜ ᓝ ᓞ ᓟ
ᓠ ᓡ ᓢ ᓣ ᓤ ᓥ ᓦ ᓧ ᓨ ᓩ ᓪ ᓫ ᓬ ᓭ ᓮ ᓯ
ᓰ ᓱ ᓲ ᓳ ᓴ ᓵ ᓶ ᓷ ᓸ ᓹ ᓺ ᓻ ᓼ ᓽ ᓾ ᓿ
ᔀ ᔁ ᔂ ᔃ ᔄ ᔅ ᔆ ᔇ ᔈ ᔉ ᔊ ᔋ ᔌ ᔍ ᔎ ᔏ
ᔐ ᔑ ᔒ ᔓ ᔔ ᔕ ᔖ ᔗ ᔘ ᔙ ᔚ ᔛ ᔜ ᔝ ᔞ ᔟ
ᔠ ᔡ ᔢ ᔣ ᔤ ᔥ ᔦ ᔧ ᔨ ᔩ ᔪ ᔫ ᔬ ᔭ ᔮ ᔯ
ᔰ ᔱ ᔲ ᔳ ᔴ ᔵ ᔶ ᔷ ᔸ ᔹ ᔺ ᔻ ᔼ ᔽ ᔾ ᔿ
ᕀ ᕁ ᕂ ᕃ ᕄ ᕅ ᕆ ᕇ ᕈ ᕉ ᕊ ᕋ ᕌ ᕍ ᕎ ᕏ
ᕐ ᕑ ᕒ ᕓ ᕔ ᕕ ᕖ ᕗ ᕘ ᕙ ᕚ ᕛ ᕜ ᕝ ᕞ ᕟ
ᕠ ᕡ ᕢ ᕣ ᕤ ᕥ ᕦ ᕧ ᕨ ᕩ ᕪ ᕫ ᕬ ᕭ ᕮ ᕯ
ᕰ ᕱ ᕲ ᕳ ᕴ ᕵ ᕶ ᕷ ᕸ ᕹ ᕺ ᕻ ᕼ ᕽ ᕾ ᕿ
ᖀ ᖁ ᖂ ᖃ ᖄ ᖅ ᖆ ᖇ ᖈ ᖉ ᖊ ᖋ ᖌ ᖍ ᖎ ᖏ
ᖐ ᖑ ᖒ ᖓ ᖔ ᖕ ᖖ ᖗ ᖘ ᖙ ᖚ ᖛ ᖜ ᖝ ᖞ ᖟ
ᖠ ᖡ ᖢ ᖣ ᖤ ᖥ ᖦ ᖧ ᖨ ᖩ ᖪ ᖫ ᖬ ᖭ ᖮ ᖯ
ᖰ ᖱ ᖲ ᖳ ᖴ ᖵ ᖶ ᖷ ᖸ ᖹ ᖺ ᖻ ᖼ ᖽ ᖾ ᖿ
ᗀ ᗁ ᗂ ᗃ ᗄ ᗅ ᗆ ᗇ ᗈ ᗉ ᗊ ᗋ ᗌ ᗍ ᗎ ᗏ
ᗐ ᗑ ᗒ ᗓ ᗔ ᗕ ᗖ ᗗ ᗘ ᗙ ᗚ ᗛ ᗜ ᗝ ᗞ ᗟ
ᗠ ᗡ ᗢ ᗣ ᗤ ᗥ ᗦ ᗧ ᗨ ᗩ ᗪ ᗫ ᗬ ᗭ ᗮ ᗯ
ᗰ ᗱ ᗲ ᗳ ᗴ ᗵ ᗶ ᗷ ᗸ ᗹ ᗺ ᗻ ᗼ ᗽ ᗾ ᗿ
ᘀ ᘁ ᘂ ᘃ ᘄ ᘅ ᘆ ᘇ ᘈ ᘉ ᘊ ᘋ ᘌ ᘍ ᘎ ᘏ
ᘐ ᘑ ᘒ ᘓ ᘔ ᘕ ᘖ ᘗ ᘘ ᘙ ᘚ ᘛ ᘜ ᘝ ᘞ ᘟ
ᘠ ᘡ ᘢ ᘣ ᘤ ᘥ ᘦ ᘧ ᘨ ᘩ ᘪ ᘫ ᘬ ᘭ ᘮ ᘯ
ᘰ ᘱ ᘲ ᘳ ᘴ ᘵ ᘶ ᘷ ᘸ ᘹ ᘺ ᘻ ᘼ ᘽ ᘾ ᘿ
ᙀ ᙁ ᙂ ᙃ ᙄ ᙅ ᙆ ᙇ ᙈ ᙉ ᙊ ᙋ ᙌ ᙍ ᙎ ᙏ
ᙐ ᙑ ᙒ ᙓ ᙔ ᙕ ᙖ ᙗ ᙘ ᙙ ᙚ ᙛ ᙜ ᙝ ᙞ ᙟ
ᙠ ᙡ ᙢ ᙣ ᙤ ᙥ ᙦ ᙧ ᙨ ᙩ ᙪ ᙫ ᙬ ᙭ ᙮ ᙯ
ᙰ ᙱ ᙲ ᙳ ᙴ ᙵ ᙶ ᙷ ᙸ ᙹ ᙺ ᙻ ᙼ ᙽ ᙾ ᙿ -
2024-08-17 at 12:42 PM UTCUNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
CENTRAL DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
CIVIL MINUTES - GENERAL
Case No. 2:23-cv-02687-SVW-JC Date July 25, 2024
Title That One Video Entertainment LLC v. Koil Content Creation PTY LTD., et al.
Present: The Honorable Jacqueline Chooljian, United States Magistrate Judge
Kerri Hays None None
Deputy Clerk Court Reporter / Recorder Tape No.
Attorneys Present for Plaintiff: Attorneys Present for Defendants:
none none
Proceedings: (IN CHAMBERS) ORDER SUBMITTING, VACATING HEARING ON,
AND GRANTING IN PART AND DENYING IN PART MOTIONS TO
COMPEL (DOCKET NOS. 40, 42, 43)
I. SUMMARY
Pending before the Court and set for a hearing on July 30, 2024 at 9:30 a.m. are the parties’
Motions to Compel which have been presented to the Court in the form of a single Joint Stipulation
Regarding Dispute Over Production of Document (“Joint Stipulation” or “JS”) without a notice of
motion. (See Local Rule L.R. 37-2 (discovery joint stipulation must be filed and served with notice of
motion)).1 Plaintiff seeks an order compelling Defendant Koil Content Creation Pty Ltd. (“Koil” or
“Defendant”) to produce further documents responsive to Plaintiff’s Document Request No. 16 (“RFP
No. 16”) which calls for Defendant to produce all documents evidencing all revenues generated and
costs incurred from Defendant’s operation of the NoPixel Server (“Plaintiff’s Motion to Compel”).
Defendant seeks an order compelling Plaintiff to produce further documents responsive to Defendant’s
Document Request No. 2 (“RFP No. 2”) which calls for Plaintiff to produce all communications
between Plaintiff and Daniel Tracy that refer or reflect eleven specified subjects (“Defendant’s Motion
to Compel”).
Pursuant to Rule 78 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure and Local Rule 7-15, the
Court finds the Motions to Compel appropriate for decision without oral argument. The hearing
calendared for July 30, 2024 is hereby vacated and the Motions to Compel are taken off calendar and are
submitted for decision.
1In connection with the Motions to Compel, the parties have submitted the Joint Stipulation,
Plaintiff’s Supplemental Memorandum, Defendant’s Supplemental Memorandum, a Declaration of
Mitchell Clout (“Clout Decl.”) with an exhibit (“Clout Ex. 1”), a Declaration of Larry Zerner (“Zerner
Decl.”) with exhibits (“Zerner Ex.”), and a Declaration of John M. Begakis (“Begakis Decl.”) with an
exhibit (“Begakis Ex. A”). (Docket Nos. 40, 42, 43, 47).
CV-90 (06/04) CIVIL MINUTES - GENERAL Page 1 of 9
Case 2:23-cv-02687-SVW-JC Document 48 Filed 07/25/24 Page 1 of 9 Page ID #:267
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
CENTRAL DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
CIVIL MINUTES - GENERAL
Case No. 2:23-cv-02687-SVW-JC Date July 25, 2024
Title That One Video Entertainment LLC v. Koil Content Creation PTY LTD., et al.
Based on the parties’ submissions, the record and the pertinent facts and law, the Court grants in
part and denies in part Plaintiff’s Motion to Compel and Defendant’s Motion to Compel as set forth
below. The parties are ordered to provide the items called for by this Order within fourteen (14) days
absent further order of the Court or written agreement of the parties.
II. BACKGROUND
On July 7, 2023, Plaintiff That One Video Entertainment (“Plaintiff” or “TOVE”) filed the
operative First Amended Complaint (alternatively, “FAC”) against Defendant Koil and its founder/
owner Mitchell Clout (“Clout”) (collectively “Defendants”), asserting claims for declaratory relief,
breach of contract and an accounting. (Docket No. 18; Begakis Decl. ¶ 2). The First Amended
Complaint alleges the following:
Plaintiff is a content creation/business management company that employs various individuals in
the videogame industry. (FAC ¶ 9). It employed a software developer named Daniel Tracey (“Tracey”).
(FAC ¶ 9). As part of Tracey’s employment agreement, TOVE was permitted to contract with third
parties to sell Tracey’s services and receive all compensation paid for the same. (FAC ¶ 10).
Defendants operate a videogame server (the “NoPixel Server”), where individuals who play the
“open world” video game Grand Theft Auto V (the “Game”), can role-play with other individuals in a
closed game environment on the NoPixel Server. (FAC ¶ 11).
Around early 2020, Defendants desired to engage Tracey in his role as a software developer to
make significant updates to the NoPixel Server (the “Services”). (FAC ¶ 12). Defendants contracted
with TOVE to obtain Tracey’s Services as an independent contractor in exchange for Defendants’
agreement “to pay 50% of Game revenue to TOVE by way of [] Tracey (the ‘Agreement’).” (FAC
¶ 12).2
2Defendants deny this allegation (Answer ¶ 12; see also JS at 4-5) and Defendant Clout attests:
In May 2021, Defendant Koil entered into a contract with Tracey (not TOVE) for Tracey to work as a
developer. (Clout Decl. ¶ 6). Koil paid Tracey a base salary of $10,000 per month. (Clout Decl. ¶ 6).
In March 2022, Tracey proposed during extra services in exchange for addiitonal money from Koil.
(Clout Decl. ¶ 7). One of the things that Koil asked Tracey to do was to set up additional international
servers because at the time, the only international server was in India. (Clout Decl. ¶ 7). On March 22,
2022, Tracey sent the terms of this employment proposal to Koil via the Discord messaging app. (Clout
Decl. ¶ 7). Such message essentially reflects that Tracey would accept $10,000 per month as his base
pay, plus 50% of the revenue from the existing India server, 50% from the Koil Whitelist Priority server,
and 50% from the international servers he would help get online, and that the contract would be
renegotiated every six months. (Clout Decl. ¶¶ 7-9; Clout Ex. 1). Tracey eventually helped get two
additional international servers online (besides India), running Koil’s code – one for Spain and one that
covered South America. (Clout Decl. ¶ 11). Until Tracey was terminated in December 2022, Koil paid
CV-90 (06/04) CIVIL MINUTES - GENERAL Page 2 of 9
Case 2:23-cv-02687-SVW-JC Document 48 Filed 07/25/24 Page 2 of 9 Page ID #:268
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
CENTRAL DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
CIVIL MINUTES - GENERAL
Case No. 2:23-cv-02687-SVW-JC Date July 25, 2024
Title That One Video Entertainment LLC v. Koil Content Creation PTY LTD., et al.
During the aforementioned arrangement, TOVE did not execute an agreement stating that
Tracey’s contributions were “works-made-for-hire” or were otherwise owned by Defendants. (FAC
¶ 12).
From in or about early 2020 to in our about December 2022, Tracey rendered Services to
Defendants. (FAC ¶ 13). In the process of rendering such Services, Tracey contributed significant
creative contributions to both the “front end” visual aesthetics of the Game and the “back end”
information management systems that allow the NoPixel Server to function. (FAC ¶ 13). Specifically,
Tracey designed and created the entire payment processing system utilized by the NoPixel Server which
has facilitated the processing of millions of dollars in payments to Defendants. (FAC ¶ 13).
In late 2022, a personal dispute arose between Tracey and Defendant Clout, resulting in Clout
terminating Tracey’s role with Defendant Koil and removing Tracey’s authority to access the Server.
(FAC ¶ 15).
On January 9, 2023, Plaintiff, through counsel, thereafter advised Defendants that all of Tracey’s
contributions to the development of the NoPixel Server were exclusively owned by TOVE. (FAC ¶ 20).3
On or about January 23, 2023, Defendants, through counsel, responded, claiming that Tracey had
contributed nothing copyrightable to the NoPixel Server and that anything Tracey had contributed was
permanently and irrevocably licensed to Defendants. (FAC ¶ 21). On or about February 6, 2024,
Plaintiff, through counsel, disputed Defendants’ claims of lack of ownership and the existence of a
license. (FAC ¶ 21).4 On February 10, 2024, Defendants, through counsel, again claimed that they had a
perpetual, irrevocable license in and to Tracey’s contributions to the NoPixel Server. (FAC ¶ 23).
As noted above, Plaintiff asserts claims for declaratory relief, breach of contract and an
accounting. (Docket No. 18). As subsequently construed by the District Judge, Plaintiff’s first claim for
declaratory relief essentially seeks a declaration that Plaintiff is a joint owner of the NoPixel Server and
Tracey 50% of the revenue from the aforementioned four servers (Whitelist Priority, India, Spain and
South America), which typically averaged between $40,000 to $50,000 per month. (Clout Decl. ¶ 12).
At no point did Tracey ever ask for or receive any money from any server, other than the aforementioned
four servers. (Clout Decl. ¶ 13). At no point did Clout ever speak to anyone at TOVE or agree to pay
TOVE or Tracey money from any other server. (Clout Decl. ¶ 14).
3It is not clear if this letter is the same or distinct from the January 9, 2024 letter sent to
Defendant Clout on behalf of Tracey (not TOVE) by Attorney John M. Begakis, who now also
represents Plaintiff in this action. (See Zerner Decl. ¶ 2; Zerner Ex. 2).
4A copy of this letter, in which Attorney Begakis advises Defendants’ counsel that he now
represented both Tracy and TOVE appears to be attached to the Zerner Declaration as Exhibit 3. (See
Zerner Decl. ¶ 3; Zerner Ex. 3).
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Case 2:23-cv-02687-SVW-JC Document 48 Filed 07/25/24 Page 3 of 9 Page ID #:269
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
CENTRAL DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
CIVIL MINUTES - GENERAL
Case No. 2:23-cv-02687-SVW-JC Date July 25, 2024
Title That One Video Entertainment LLC v. Koil Content Creation PTY LTD., et al.
that Defendants did not have a “license” to operate the NoPixel Server without accounting for profits to
TOVE and could not operate the NoPixel Server under the guise of a license that allows it to keep all
profits. (See Docket No. 26). Plaintiff’s second claim for breach of contract alleges that Defendants
have breached the Agreement in that they have failed and refused, and continue to fail and refuse, “to
pay TOVE 50% of the revenue generated from the NoPixel Server.” (FAC ¶ 32).5 Plaintiff’s third claim
for an accounting alleges that Defendants have received money from the exploitation of Tracey’s
creative contributions to the NoPixel Server without a license, a portion of which is therefore due to
TOVE, and the amount of which cannot be ascertained without an order requiring Defendants to account
to TOVE with respect to all transactions relating to Defendants’ exploitation of Tracey’s creative
contributions to the NoPixel Server without a license. (FAC ¶¶ 35-37).
On February 14, 2024, the District Judge denied Defendants’ Motion to Dismiss the declaratory
relief claim. (Docket No. 26).
On or about April 8, 2024, Plaintiff served on Defendant Koil, Plaintiff’s First Set of Requests
for the Production of Documents (“Plaintiff’s Document Requests”) containing RFP No. 16, which is in
issue. (Begakis Decl. ¶ 3). Defendant served its initial responses to the Document Requests on May 8,
2024. (Begakis Decl. ¶ 4). On May 9, 2024, Plaintiff’s counsel emailed Defendant’s counsel regarding
asserted deficiencies in Defendant’s responses to the Document Requests. (Begakis Decl. ¶ 5; Begakis
Ex. A). On May 22, 2024, counsel met and conferred regarding Defendant’s responses to Plaintiff’s
Document Requests. (Begakis Decl. ¶ 6). On June 5, 2024, Defendant served supplemental responses
to Plaintiff’s Document Requests but continued to refuse to provide any financial documents responsive
to RFP No. 16, asserting that such documents were “unrelated to this litigation.” (Begakis Decl. ¶ 7).
On June 12, 2024, the parties exchanged further communications but were unable to resolve their
differences regarding RFP No. 16. (Begakis Decl. ¶ 8).
On an unspecified date, Defendant Koil served Plaintiff with Defendant Koil’s First Set of
Requests for the Production of Documents (“Defendant’s Document Requests”) containing RFP No. 2,
which is in issue. (JS at 1, 5, 8-9). On an unspecified date, Plaintiff responded to Defendant’s
Document Requests. (JS at 1, 5, 8-9). The parties apparently thereafter conferred regarding Plaintiff’s
assertedly deficient production relative to RFP No. 2 – i.e., its asserted failure to produce documents
post-dating 2022 – but were unable to resolve their differences. (JS at 1, 8-11).
///
///
5In its recitation of “Facts Common to All Causes of Action,” Plaintiff alleges that Defendants
agreed to pay Plaintiff “fifty percent (50%) of Game revenue,” but in the breach of contract claim,
Plaintiff instead alleges that Defendants agreed to pay Plaintiff “50% of revenue generated from the
NoPixel Server.” (Compare FAC 12 with FAC 31). It thus appears that Plaintiff equates revenue from
the NoPixel Server with revenue from the Game.
CV-90 (06/04) CIVIL MINUTES - GENERAL Page 4 of 9
Case 2:23-cv-02687-SVW-JC Document 48 Filed 07/25/24 Page 4 of 9 Page ID #:270
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
CENTRAL DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
CIVIL MINUTES - GENERAL
Case No. 2:23-cv-02687-SVW-JC Date July 25, 2024
Title That One Video Entertainment LLC v. Koil Content Creation PTY LTD., et al.
III. DISCUSSION AND RULINGS
A. Plaintiff’s Motion to Compel – RFP No. 16
Plaintiff’s RFP No. 16 calls for Defendant to produce: “All DOCUMENTS evidencing all
revenues generated, and costs incurred, from YOUR operation of the NOPIXEL SERVER.” (JS at 6).6
Defendant initially interposed multiple objections to RFP No. 16 – asserting that it is
burdensome, oppressive, overbroad, compound, vague, ambiguous and unintelligible – but, without
waiving such objections, and after assertedly conducting a diligent search and making reasonable
inquiry, responded: “Based on the ambiguous and unclear definition provided for the NOPIXEL
SERVER, Responding Party is unable to provide a response.” (JS at 6).7
Defendant thereafter provided a supplemental response which reasserted the same objections, but
notwithstanding and without waiving such objections, responded: “The subject documents are already
in the possession, custody, and control of the Propounding Party insofar as the requested documents
were produced to the Propounding Party on or about May 8, 2024. The responsive documents are
contained within Bates #MC0068 to Bates #MC0072 produced [t]herewith, which reflect the 50% net
participation agreement between TRACEY and NoPixel via Discord on March 14, 2022. Propounding
Party’s definition of “NOPIXEL SERVER” is otherwise overbroad as it: (a) encompasses over 172
servers, (b) would require production of financial documents unrelated to this litigation, (c) [is] wholly
unrelated to any work performed by TRACEY, and (d) is therefore, not calculated to lead to the
discovery of admissible evidence.” (JS at 6-7).8
6Plaintiff has not supplied the Court with the actual Document Requests which presumably
define the capitalized terms. As to the term “NOPIXEL SERVER,” the Court proceeds on the
assumption that it has been defined in a manner consistent with the definition thereof in the First
Amended Complaint, i.e., that it refers to “a videogame server, wherein individuals who play the ‘open
world’ videogame entitled ‘Grand Theft Auto V’ . . . can ‘role-play’ with other individuals in a closed
Game environment on such server” (FAC ¶ 11),” but, given the information supplied by Defendants
regarding multiple servers, further presumes that even though the term is singular, the “NOPIXEL
SERVER” is actually comprised of 172 servers, including the four specific servers identified by
Defendants. (See supra note 2; JS at 6-7).
7Defendant also incorporated its “Preliminary Statement” as though fully set forth in such
response but Defendant has not supplied the Court with such statement or its actual responses to
Plaintiff’s Document Requests which presumably contain such statement.
8Defendant again incorporated its “Preliminary Statement” as though fully set forth in such
supplemental response but has not supplied the Court with such statement or its actual responses to
Plaintiff’s Document Requests which presumably contain such statement.
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Case 2:23-cv-02687-SVW-JC Document 48 Filed 07/25/24 Page 5 of 9 Page ID #:271
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
CENTRAL DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
CIVIL MINUTES - GENERAL
Case No. 2:23-cv-02687-SVW-JC Date July 25, 2024
Title That One Video Entertainment LLC v. Koil Content Creation PTY LTD., et al.
As noted above (see supra note 2), Defendant takes the position that its only agreement was with
Tracey (not TOVE), that such agreement only required Defendant to pay and Defendant did pay Tracey –
until Tracey’s termination in December 2022 – $10,000 per month base pay and 50% of the revenue
from Defendant’s India, Koil Whitelist Priority, Spain and South America servers, and that at no point
did Defendant’s owner/founder Clout ever speak to anyone at TOVE or agree to pay TOVE or Tracey
money from any other server. (JS at 8; Clout Decl. ¶¶ 7-9, 11-14; Clout Ex. 1). Defendant Clout
represents that he has agreed to give Plaintiff revenue statements from the four aforementioned servers
(presumably Bates #MC0068 to Bates #MC0072 referenced in Defendant Koil’s supplemental response
to RFP No. 16), but Defendant declines to agree to produce revenue from any other servers as they are
assertedly completely outside the scope of the agreement in issue. (JS at 8; Clout Decl. ¶ 15).
Plaintiff essentially argues that Defendant’s response is insufficient because Defendant’s
production does not include documents evidencing all revenues generated, and costs incurred, from
Defendant’s operation of all servers that assertedly constitute “the NOPIXEL SERVER” and instead is
limited to documents evidencing revenues generated/costs incurred from only those servers that
Defendant contends are relevant to the action under Defendant’s theory of the case. (JS at 7). Plaintiff
contends that the requested discovery is relevant and proportional to the needs of the case because the
First Amended Complaint alleges that Plaintiff “is a co-owner in the copyright of the code comprising
the NoPixel Server and is entitled to fifty percent (50%) of the revenues generated therefrom pursuant to
the parties’ agreement . . . and because the scope of Plaintiff’s potential ownership and right to profits is
broad enough to entitle Plaintiff to half of all monies reflected in such requested documents.” (JS at 7-
8).
The Court is not unsympathetic to Defendant’s position – particularly given the evidence it has
submitted regarding a relatively narrow agreement with Tracey versus the absence of any evidence
submitted by Plaintiff to support its different/broader allegations regarding the parties to and terms of the
agreement in issue. However, as relevance is determined by reference to the pleadings9 – here, the
operative First Amended Complaint – the Court is compelled to conclude that documents evidencing
revenues generated and costs incurred from Defendant’s operation of all of the servers that comprise the
“NOPIXEL SERVER” is relevant to at least the damages assessment for the breach of contract claim -
2024-08-17 at 1:21 PM UTC
Originally posted by the man who put it in my hood UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
CENTRAL DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
CIVIL MINUTES - GENERAL
Case No. 2:23-cv-02687-SVW-JC Date July 25, 2024
Title That One Video Entertainment LLC v. Koil Content Creation PTY LTD., et al.
Present: The Honorable Jacqueline Chooljian, United States Magistrate Judge
Kerri Hays None None
Deputy Clerk Court Reporter / Recorder Tape No.
Attorneys Present for Plaintiff: Attorneys Present for Defendants:
none none
Proceedings: (IN CHAMBERS) ORDER SUBMITTING, VACATING HEARING ON,
AND GRANTING IN PART AND DENYING IN PART MOTIONS TO
COMPEL (DOCKET NOS. 40, 42, 43)
I. SUMMARY
Pending before the Court and set for a hearing on July 30, 2024 at 9:30 a.m. are the parties’
Motions to Compel which have been presented to the Court in the form of a single Joint Stipulation
Regarding Dispute Over Production of Document (“Joint Stipulation” or “JS”) without a notice of
motion. (See Local Rule L.R. 37-2 (discovery joint stipulation must be filed and served with notice of
motion)).1 Plaintiff seeks an order compelling Defendant Koil Content Creation Pty Ltd. (“Koil” or
“Defendant”) to produce further documents responsive to Plaintiff’s Document Request No. 16 (“RFP
No. 16”) which calls for Defendant to produce all documents evidencing all revenues generated and
costs incurred from Defendant’s operation of the NoPixel Server (“Plaintiff’s Motion to Compel”).
Defendant seeks an order compelling Plaintiff to produce further documents responsive to Defendant’s
Document Request No. 2 (“RFP No. 2”) which calls for Plaintiff to produce all communications
between Plaintiff and Daniel Tracy that refer or reflect eleven specified subjects (“Defendant’s Motion
to Compel”).
Pursuant to Rule 78 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure and Local Rule 7-15, the
Court finds the Motions to Compel appropriate for decision without oral argument. The hearing
calendared for July 30, 2024 is hereby vacated and the Motions to Compel are taken off calendar and are
submitted for decision.
1In connection with the Motions to Compel, the parties have submitted the Joint Stipulation,
Plaintiff’s Supplemental Memorandum, Defendant’s Supplemental Memorandum, a Declaration of
Mitchell Clout (“Clout Decl.”) with an exhibit (“Clout Ex. 1”), a Declaration of Larry Zerner (“Zerner
Decl.”) with exhibits (“Zerner Ex.”), and a Declaration of John M. Begakis (“Begakis Decl.”) with an
exhibit (“Begakis Ex. A”). (Docket Nos. 40, 42, 43, 47).
CV-90 (06/04) CIVIL MINUTES - GENERAL Page 1 of 9
Case 2:23-cv-02687-SVW-JC Document 48 Filed 07/25/24 Page 1 of 9 Page ID #:267
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
CENTRAL DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
CIVIL MINUTES - GENERAL
Case No. 2:23-cv-02687-SVW-JC Date July 25, 2024
Title That One Video Entertainment LLC v. Koil Content Creation PTY LTD., et al.
Based on the parties’ submissions, the record and the pertinent facts and law, the Court grants in
part and denies in part Plaintiff’s Motion to Compel and Defendant’s Motion to Compel as set forth
below. The parties are ordered to provide the items called for by this Order within fourteen (14) days
absent further order of the Court or written agreement of the parties.
II. BACKGROUND
On July 7, 2023, Plaintiff That One Video Entertainment (“Plaintiff” or “TOVE”) filed the
operative First Amended Complaint (alternatively, “FAC”) against Defendant Koil and its founder/
owner Mitchell Clout (“Clout”) (collectively “Defendants”), asserting claims for declaratory relief,
breach of contract and an accounting. (Docket No. 18; Begakis Decl. ¶ 2). The First Amended
Complaint alleges the following:
Plaintiff is a content creation/business management company that employs various individuals in
the videogame industry. (FAC ¶ 9). It employed a software developer named Daniel Tracey (“Tracey”).
(FAC ¶ 9). As part of Tracey’s employment agreement, TOVE was permitted to contract with third
parties to sell Tracey’s services and receive all compensation paid for the same. (FAC ¶ 10).
Defendants operate a videogame server (the “NoPixel Server”), where individuals who play the
“open world” video game Grand Theft Auto V (the “Game”), can role-play with other individuals in a
closed game environment on the NoPixel Server. (FAC ¶ 11).
Around early 2020, Defendants desired to engage Tracey in his role as a software developer to
make significant updates to the NoPixel Server (the “Services”). (FAC ¶ 12). Defendants contracted
with TOVE to obtain Tracey’s Services as an independent contractor in exchange for Defendants’
agreement “to pay 50% of Game revenue to TOVE by way of [] Tracey (the ‘Agreement’).” (FAC
¶ 12).2
2Defendants deny this allegation (Answer ¶ 12; see also JS at 4-5) and Defendant Clout attests:
In May 2021, Defendant Koil entered into a contract with Tracey (not TOVE) for Tracey to work as a
developer. (Clout Decl. ¶ 6). Koil paid Tracey a base salary of $10,000 per month. (Clout Decl. ¶ 6).
In March 2022, Tracey proposed during extra services in exchange for addiitonal money from Koil.
(Clout Decl. ¶ 7). One of the things that Koil asked Tracey to do was to set up additional international
servers because at the time, the only international server was in India. (Clout Decl. ¶ 7). On March 22,
2022, Tracey sent the terms of this employment proposal to Koil via the Discord messaging app. (Clout
Decl. ¶ 7). Such message essentially reflects that Tracey would accept $10,000 per month as his base
pay, plus 50% of the revenue from the existing India server, 50% from the Koil Whitelist Priority server,
and 50% from the international servers he would help get online, and that the contract would be
renegotiated every six months. (Clout Decl. ¶¶ 7-9; Clout Ex. 1). Tracey eventually helped get two
additional international servers online (besides India), running Koil’s code – one for Spain and one that
covered South America. (Clout Decl. ¶ 11). Until Tracey was terminated in December 2022, Koil paid
CV-90 (06/04) CIVIL MINUTES - GENERAL Page 2 of 9
Case 2:23-cv-02687-SVW-JC Document 48 Filed 07/25/24 Page 2 of 9 Page ID #:268
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
CENTRAL DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
CIVIL MINUTES - GENERAL
Case No. 2:23-cv-02687-SVW-JC Date July 25, 2024
Title That One Video Entertainment LLC v. Koil Content Creation PTY LTD., et al.
During the aforementioned arrangement, TOVE did not execute an agreement stating that
Tracey’s contributions were “works-made-for-hire” or were otherwise owned by Defendants. (FAC
¶ 12).
From in or about early 2020 to in our about December 2022, Tracey rendered Services to
Defendants. (FAC ¶ 13). In the process of rendering such Services, Tracey contributed significant
creative contributions to both the “front end” visual aesthetics of the Game and the “back end”
information management systems that allow the NoPixel Server to function. (FAC ¶ 13). Specifically,
Tracey designed and created the entire payment processing system utilized by the NoPixel Server which
has facilitated the processing of millions of dollars in payments to Defendants. (FAC ¶ 13).
In late 2022, a personal dispute arose between Tracey and Defendant Clout, resulting in Clout
terminating Tracey’s role with Defendant Koil and removing Tracey’s authority to access the Server.
(FAC ¶ 15).
On January 9, 2023, Plaintiff, through counsel, thereafter advised Defendants that all of Tracey’s
contributions to the development of the NoPixel Server were exclusively owned by TOVE. (FAC ¶ 20).3
On or about January 23, 2023, Defendants, through counsel, responded, claiming that Tracey had
contributed nothing copyrightable to the NoPixel Server and that anything Tracey had contributed was
permanently and irrevocably licensed to Defendants. (FAC ¶ 21). On or about February 6, 2024,
Plaintiff, through counsel, disputed Defendants’ claims of lack of ownership and the existence of a
license. (FAC ¶ 21).4 On February 10, 2024, Defendants, through counsel, again claimed that they had a
perpetual, irrevocable license in and to Tracey’s contributions to the NoPixel Server. (FAC ¶ 23).
As noted above, Plaintiff asserts claims for declaratory relief, breach of contract and an
accounting. (Docket No. 18). As subsequently construed by the District Judge, Plaintiff’s first claim for
declaratory relief essentially seeks a declaration that Plaintiff is a joint owner of the NoPixel Server and
Tracey 50% of the revenue from the aforementioned four servers (Whitelist Priority, India, Spain and
South America), which typically averaged between $40,000 to $50,000 per month. (Clout Decl. ¶ 12).
At no point did Tracey ever ask for or receive any money from any server, other than the aforementioned
four servers. (Clout Decl. ¶ 13). At no point did Clout ever speak to anyone at TOVE or agree to pay
TOVE or Tracey money from any other server. (Clout Decl. ¶ 14).
3It is not clear if this letter is the same or distinct from the January 9, 2024 letter sent to
Defendant Clout on behalf of Tracey (not TOVE) by Attorney John M. Begakis, who now also
represents Plaintiff in this action. (See Zerner Decl. ¶ 2; Zerner Ex. 2).
4A copy of this letter, in which Attorney Begakis advises Defendants’ counsel that he now
represented both Tracy and TOVE appears to be attached to the Zerner Declaration as Exhibit 3. (See
Zerner Decl. ¶ 3; Zerner Ex. 3).
CV-90 (06/04) CIVIL MINUTES - GENERAL Page 3 of 9
Case 2:23-cv-02687-SVW-JC Document 48 Filed 07/25/24 Page 3 of 9 Page ID #:269
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
CENTRAL DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
CIVIL MINUTES - GENERAL
Case No. 2:23-cv-02687-SVW-JC Date July 25, 2024
Title That One Video Entertainment LLC v. Koil Content Creation PTY LTD., et al.
that Defendants did not have a “license” to operate the NoPixel Server without accounting for profits to
TOVE and could not operate the NoPixel Server under the guise of a license that allows it to keep all
profits. (See Docket No. 26). Plaintiff’s second claim for breach of contract alleges that Defendants
have breached the Agreement in that they have failed and refused, and continue to fail and refuse, “to
pay TOVE 50% of the revenue generated from the NoPixel Server.” (FAC ¶ 32).5 Plaintiff’s third claim
for an accounting alleges that Defendants have received money from the exploitation of Tracey’s
creative contributions to the NoPixel Server without a license, a portion of which is therefore due to
TOVE, and the amount of which cannot be ascertained without an order requiring Defendants to account
to TOVE with respect to all transactions relating to Defendants’ exploitation of Tracey’s creative
contributions to the NoPixel Server without a license. (FAC ¶¶ 35-37).
On February 14, 2024, the District Judge denied Defendants’ Motion to Dismiss the declaratory
relief claim. (Docket No. 26).
On or about April 8, 2024, Plaintiff served on Defendant Koil, Plaintiff’s First Set of Requests
for the Production of Documents (“Plaintiff’s Document Requests”) containing RFP No. 16, which is in
issue. (Begakis Decl. ¶ 3). Defendant served its initial responses to the Document Requests on May 8,
2024. (Begakis Decl. ¶ 4). On May 9, 2024, Plaintiff’s counsel emailed Defendant’s counsel regarding
asserted deficiencies in Defendant’s responses to the Document Requests. (Begakis Decl. ¶ 5; Begakis
Ex. A). On May 22, 2024, counsel met and conferred regarding Defendant’s responses to Plaintiff’s
Document Requests. (Begakis Decl. ¶ 6). On June 5, 2024, Defendant served supplemental responses
to Plaintiff’s Document Requests but continued to refuse to provide any financial documents responsive
to RFP No. 16, asserting that such documents were “unrelated to this litigation.” (Begakis Decl. ¶ 7).
On June 12, 2024, the parties exchanged further communications but were unable to resolve their
differences regarding RFP No. 16. (Begakis Decl. ¶ 8).
On an unspecified date, Defendant Koil served Plaintiff with Defendant Koil’s First Set of
Requests for the Production of Documents (“Defendant’s Document Requests”) containing RFP No. 2,
which is in issue. (JS at 1, 5, 8-9). On an unspecified date, Plaintiff responded to Defendant’s
Document Requests. (JS at 1, 5, 8-9). The parties apparently thereafter conferred regarding Plaintiff’s
assertedly deficient production relative to RFP No. 2 – i.e., its asserted failure to produce documents
post-dating 2022 – but were unable to resolve their differences. (JS at 1, 8-11).
///
///
5In its recitation of “Facts Common to All Causes of Action,” Plaintiff alleges that Defendants
agreed to pay Plaintiff “fifty percent (50%) of Game revenue,” but in the breach of contract claim,
Plaintiff instead alleges that Defendants agreed to pay Plaintiff “50% of revenue generated from the
NoPixel Server.” (Compare FAC 12 with FAC 31). It thus appears that Plaintiff equates revenue from
the NoPixel Server with revenue from the Game.
CV-90 (06/04) CIVIL MINUTES - GENERAL Page 4 of 9
Case 2:23-cv-02687-SVW-JC Document 48 Filed 07/25/24 Page 4 of 9 Page ID #:270
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
CENTRAL DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
CIVIL MINUTES - GENERAL
Case No. 2:23-cv-02687-SVW-JC Date July 25, 2024
Title That One Video Entertainment LLC v. Koil Content Creation PTY LTD., et al.
III. DISCUSSION AND RULINGS
A. Plaintiff’s Motion to Compel – RFP No. 16
Plaintiff’s RFP No. 16 calls for Defendant to produce: “All DOCUMENTS evidencing all
revenues generated, and costs incurred, from YOUR operation of the NOPIXEL SERVER.” (JS at 6).6
Defendant initially interposed multiple objections to RFP No. 16 – asserting that it is
burdensome, oppressive, overbroad, compound, vague, ambiguous and unintelligible – but, without
waiving such objections, and after assertedly conducting a diligent search and making reasonable
inquiry, responded: “Based on the ambiguous and unclear definition provided for the NOPIXEL
SERVER, Responding Party is unable to provide a response.” (JS at 6).7
Defendant thereafter provided a supplemental response which reasserted the same objections, but
notwithstanding and without waiving such objections, responded: “The subject documents are already
in the possession, custody, and control of the Propounding Party insofar as the requested documents
were produced to the Propounding Party on or about May 8, 2024. The responsive documents are
contained within Bates #MC0068 to Bates #MC0072 produced [t]herewith, which reflect the 50% net
participation agreement between TRACEY and NoPixel via Discord on March 14, 2022. Propounding
Party’s definition of “NOPIXEL SERVER” is otherwise overbroad as it: (a) encompasses over 172
servers, (b) would require production of financial documents unrelated to this litigation, © [is] wholly
unrelated to any work performed by TRACEY, and (d) is therefore, not calculated to lead to the
discovery of admissible evidence.” (JS at 6-7).8
6Plaintiff has not supplied the Court with the actual Document Requests which presumably
define the capitalized terms. As to the term “NOPIXEL SERVER,” the Court proceeds on the
assumption that it has been defined in a manner consistent with the definition thereof in the First
Amended Complaint, i.e., that it refers to “a videogame server, wherein individuals who play the ‘open
world’ videogame entitled ‘Grand Theft Auto V’ . . . can ‘role-play’ with other individuals in a closed
Game environment on such server” (FAC ¶ 11),” but, given the information supplied by Defendants
regarding multiple servers, further presumes that even though the term is singular, the “NOPIXEL
SERVER” is actually comprised of 172 servers, including the four specific servers identified by
Defendants. (See supra note 2; JS at 6-7).
7Defendant also incorporated its “Preliminary Statement” as though fully set forth in such
response but Defendant has not supplied the Court with such statement or its actual responses to
Plaintiff’s Document Requests which presumably contain such statement.
8Defendant again incorporated its “Preliminary Statement” as though fully set forth in such
supplemental response but has not supplied the Court with such statement or its actual responses to
Plaintiff’s Document Requests which presumably contain such statement.
CV-90 (06/04) CIVIL MINUTES - GENERAL Page 5 of 9
Case 2:23-cv-02687-SVW-JC Document 48 Filed 07/25/24 Page 5 of 9 Page ID #:271
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
CENTRAL DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
CIVIL MINUTES - GENERAL
Case No. 2:23-cv-02687-SVW-JC Date July 25, 2024
Title That One Video Entertainment LLC v. Koil Content Creation PTY LTD., et al.
As noted above (see supra note 2), Defendant takes the position that its only agreement was with
Tracey (not TOVE), that such agreement only required Defendant to pay and Defendant did pay Tracey –
until Tracey’s termination in December 2022 – $10,000 per month base pay and 50% of the revenue
from Defendant’s India, Koil Whitelist Priority, Spain and South America servers, and that at no point
did Defendant’s owner/founder Clout ever speak to anyone at TOVE or agree to pay TOVE or Tracey
money from any other server. (JS at 8; Clout Decl. ¶¶ 7-9, 11-14; Clout Ex. 1). Defendant Clout
represents that he has agreed to give Plaintiff revenue statements from the four aforementioned servers
(presumably Bates #MC0068 to Bates #MC0072 referenced in Defendant Koil’s supplemental response
to RFP No. 16), but Defendant declines to agree to produce revenue from any other servers as they are
assertedly completely outside the scope of the agreement in issue. (JS at 8; Clout Decl. ¶ 15).
Plaintiff essentially argues that Defendant’s response is insufficient because Defendant’s
production does not include documents evidencing all revenues generated, and costs incurred, from
Defendant’s operation of all servers that assertedly constitute “the NOPIXEL SERVER” and instead is
limited to documents evidencing revenues generated/costs incurred from only those servers that
Defendant contends are relevant to the action under Defendant’s theory of the case. (JS at 7). Plaintiff
contends that the requested discovery is relevant and proportional to the needs of the case because the
First Amended Complaint alleges that Plaintiff “is a co-owner in the copyright of the code comprising
the NoPixel Server and is entitled to fifty percent (50%) of the revenues generated therefrom pursuant to
the parties’ agreement . . . and because the scope of Plaintiff’s potential ownership and right to profits is
broad enough to entitle Plaintiff to half of all monies reflected in such requested documents.” (JS at 7-
8).
The Court is not unsympathetic to Defendant’s position – particularly given the evidence it has
submitted regarding a relatively narrow agreement with Tracey versus the absence of any evidence
submitted by Plaintiff to support its different/broader allegations regarding the parties to and terms of the
agreement in issue. However, as relevance is determined by reference to the pleadings9 – here, the
operative First Amended Complaint – the Court is compelled to conclude that documents evidencing
revenues generated and costs incurred from Defendant’s operation of all of the servers that comprise the
“NOPIXEL SERVER” is relevant to at least the damages assessment for the breach of contract claim -
2024-08-17 at 11:44 PM UTC᠀ ᠁ ᠂ ᠃ ᠄ ᠅ ᠆ ᠇ ᠈ ᠉ ᠊ ℘ ꀕ ︘ ꡀ
᠐ ᠑ ᠒ ᠓ ᠔ ᠕ ᠖ ᠗ ᠘ ᠙
ᠠ ᠡ ᠢ ᠣ ᠤ ᠥ ᠦ ᠧ ᠨ ᠩ ᠪ ᠫ ᠬ ᠭ ᠮ ᠯ
ᠰ ᠱ ᠲ ᠳ ᠴ ᠵ ᠶ ᠷ ᠸ ᠹ ᠺ ᠻ ᠼ ᠽ ᠾ ᠿ
ᡀ ᡁ ᡂ ᡃ ᡄ ᡅ ᡆ ᡇ ᡈ ᡉ ᡊ ᡋ ᡌ ᡍ ᡎ ᡏ
ᡐ ᡑ ᡒ ᡓ ᡔ ᡕ ᡖ ᡗ ᡘ ᡙ ᡚ ᡛ ᡜ ᡝ ᡞ ᡟ
ᡠ ᡡ ᡢ ᡣ ᡤ ᡥ ᡦ ᡧ ᡨ ᡩ ᡪ ᡫ ᡬ ᡭ ᡮ ᡯ
ᡰ ᡱ ᡲ ᡳ ᡴ ᡵ ᡶ ᡷ ᡸ
ᢀ ᢁ ᢂ ᢃ ᢄ ᢅ ᢆ ᢇ ᢈ ᢉ ᢊ ᢋ ᢌ ᢍ ᢎ ᢏ
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⅀ ⅁ ⅂ ⅃ ⅄ ⅅ ⅆ ⅇ ⅈ ⅉ ⅊ ⅋ ⅌ ⅍ ⅎ ⅏
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Ᏸ Ᏹ Ᏺ Ᏻ Ᏼ Ᏽ ᏸ ᏹ ᏺ ᏻ ᏼ ᏽ
🬀 🬁 🬂 🬃 🬄 🬅 🬆 🬇 🬈 🬉 🬊 🬋 🬌 🬍 🬎 🬏
🬐 🬑 🬒 🬓 🬔 🬕 🬖 🬗 🬘 🬙 🬚 🬛 🬜 🬝 🬞 🬟
🬠 🬡 🬢 🬣 🬤 🬥 🬦 🬧 🬨 🬩 🬪 🬫 🬬 🬭 🬮 🬯
🬰 🬱 🬲 🬳 🬴 🬵 🬶 🬷 🬸 🬹 🬺 🬻 🬼 🬽 🬾 🬿
🭀 🭁 🭂 🭃 🭄 🭅 🭆 🭇 🭈 🭉 🭊 🭋 🭌 🭍 🭎 🭏
🭐 🭑 🭒 🭓 🭔 🭕 🭖 🭗 🭘 🭙 🭚 🭛 🭜 🭝 🭞 🭟
🭠 🭡 🭢 🭣 🭤 🭥 🭦 🭧 🭨 🭩 🭪 🭫 🭬 🭭 🭮 🭯
🭰 🭱 🭲 🭳 🭴 🭵 🭶 🭷 🭸 🭹 🭺 🭻 🭼 🭽 🭾 🭿
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🮐 🮑 🮒 🮔 🮕 🮖 🮗 🮘 🮙 🮚 🮛 🮜 🮝 🮞 🮟
🮠 🮡 🮢 🮣 🮤 🮥 🮦 🮧 🮨 🮩 🮪 🮫 🮬 🮭 🮮 🮯
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🙰 🙱 🙲 🙳 🙴 🙵 🙶 🙷 🙸 🙹 🙺 🙻 🙼 🙽 🙾 🙿
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➐ ➑ ➒ ➓ ➔ → ↔ ↕ ➘ ➙ ➚ ➛ ➜ ➝ ➞ ➟
➠ ➡ ➢ ➣ ➤ ➥ ➦ ➧ ➨ ➩ ➪ ➫ ➬ ➭ ➮ ➯
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🕷🕸🕲🕶🏆︎🎖🖇🗨🗩🗰🗱🌶🎗🙾🙼🗖🗗⏴⏵⏶⏷⏪︎⏩︎⏮⏭⏸⏹⏺🗚🗳🏗🏘🏙🏚🏜🏭︎🏛🏠︎🏖🏝🛣🔍︎🏔👁👂︎🏕🛤🏟🛳🕬🕫🕨🔈︎🎔🎕🗬🙽🗭🗪🗫✔🚲︎⬜︎🛡📦︎🛱⬛︎🚑︎🛈🛩🛰🟈🕴︎⬤🛥︎🗘🗙❓︎🛲🚇︎🚍︎⛳︎⦸⊖🚭︎🗮⏐🗯🗲︎🚺︎🛉🛊🚼︎👽︎🏋︎⛷🏂︎🏌︎🏊︎🏄︎🏍🏎🚘︎🗠💰︎🏷💳︎👪︎🗡🗢🗣✯🖄🖅🖃🖆🖹🖺🖻︎🕰🖽🖾📋︎🗒🗓🕮📚︎🗞🗟🗃🗂🖼🎭︎🎜🎙🎧︎💿︎🎞📷︎🎟🎬︎📽📹︎📾📻︎🎚🎛📺︎💻︎🖦🖧🕹🎮︎🕻🕼📟︎🖁🖀🖨🖩🖿🖪🗜🔒︎︎🗝📥︎📤︎🕳🌣🌤🌥🌦☁🌨🌧🌩🌪🌬🌫︎🌡🛋🛏🍽🍸︎🛎🛍Ⓟ♿︎🛆🖈🎓︎🗤🗥🗦🛪🐿🐦︎🐟︎🐕︎🐈︎🙬🙮🙭🙯🗺🌍︎🌏︎🌎︎🕊 -
2024-08-19 at 10:08 AM UTC有機化學實驗室生存手冊
學生技術指南
詹姆斯·W·祖布里克
哈德遜谷社區學院
約翰威利父子公司 紐約 • 奇切斯特 • 布里斯班 • 多倫多 • 新加坡
版權所有 © 1984、1988，John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
版權所有。加拿大同步出版。
任何部分的複製或翻譯
這項工作超出了各節允許的範圍
1976 年美國版權法第 107 條和第 108 條
未經著作權人許可的行為
業主不合法。請求許可
或應將更多資訊發送至
John Wiley & Sons 的權限部門。
致辛迪
前言
第二版
聽到你的書被閱讀和喜歡，真是令人振奮，簡直涵蓋了
涵蓋從才華橫溢的高中理科生到
英語名譽教授。更高興聽到你
有機會根據上述評論改進這本書，
審稿人的評論以及與審稿人合作中獲得的經驗
文字.
在本版《有機化學實驗室生存手冊》中，有關以下內容的部分
筆記本和手冊已擴展到包括典型的筆記本
頁和實際手冊條目以及解釋。有新的
關於清潔和乾燥玻璃器皿的注意事項，以及如何找到好的重結晶器
化溶劑。一旦他們的樣品被純化，學生現在可以找到直接的
用托馬斯-胡佛裝置測定熔點。洗-
ing 被賦予了與提取同樣的重要性，但也有一些麻煩
斑點（以有機層的 pH 值為例）已被平滑。
還有關於使用外部來源的蒸汽蒸餾的附加說明
蒸汽。簡單的壓力計、應付漏氣、正確使用壓力計
壓力-溫度列線圖增強了真空蒸餾部分-
。已添加折射測量，以及（根據特殊要求）
關於萃取和蒸餾理論的部分，包括共沸物和
共沸蒸餾，我相信，克勞修斯蒸餾法的首次應用
Clapyron 方程式作為從拉烏爾定律（壓力和
摩爾分數）到相圖（溫度和摩爾分數）。
許多人對製作此版本的幫助值得讚揚：
我的學生們幫助我發現了上一版所缺少的內容，
Ronald Pohadsky 先生和 Barry Eggleston 先生提出了具體建議—
在實驗室工作時的系統蒸發散。特別感謝 G.J. 教授詹茲，
倫斯勒理工學院熔鹽資料中心主任
感謝他對本版物理化學部分的審閱，並
Henry Hollinger 教授和 A. Rauf Imam 教授在最初階段提供的幫助
該工作的各個階段。我還要感謝
威廉·愛潑斯坦
猶他大學
魯道夫·戈茨
密西根州立大學
viii 第二版前言
克萊莉亞·W·馬洛里
賓州大學
J·沃林斯基
普渡大學
感謝他們提出的寶貴意見與建議，使本版更加完善
對有機化學實驗室的學生有用。
最後，我要感謝 John 化學編輯 Dennis Sawicki 先生
首先是 Wiley & Sons，這是我收到的最好的生日禮物之一
其次，感謝他在某些方面的鼓勵、指導和耐心
準備此版本時遇到的麻煩點。 Dawn Reitz 女士，生產
主管、Ann Meader 女士、主管文案編輯和 Glenn 先生
文案編輯佩特里 (Petry) 帶來了第二篇文章，值得稱讚
版約.
J·W·祖布里克
哈德遜谷社區學院
1987 年 4 月 3 日
第一版序言
第十次描述實驗室未涵蓋的儀器
書，然後你寫一個程式。一遍又一遍地解釋操作
在書中，你會得到一組筆記。當這些產生問題時，你
修改直到學生（而不是你）最終做對為止。如果你相信的話
寫作是凝固的言語——具有相同的停頓，相同的節奏——然後
樣式已設定。如果你還能笑，你就寫了這本書。
本書介紹了有機化學實驗室的基本技術
重點是第一次就把工作做好。為此，
經常會提出可能出錯的例子並提出警告
為了防止最常見的錯誤，近乎令人憤慨。這是
相信進入不可能的經驗要困難得多
一旦學生被警告可能發生的事情，就會出現精神問題
那些。處理蒸餾、萃取等複雜操作
以一種簡單的方式，無論是在解釋或本質上
後續程序。
對於有關儀器技術的部分也可以這麼說
GC、IR、NMR 和 HPLC 的特性。 GC色譜技術
和 HPLC 的介紹是因為它們與薄層色譜和柱色譜有關
拉菲。光譜技術較少依賴實驗室操作
因此在與電子儀器的相似性方面提出了
GC 和 HPLC 技術（雙檢測器、HPLC 中的 UV 檢測等）。
對於所有技術，重點是正確的樣品製備和正確的
儀器操作。
許多人對編寫這本教科書的幫助值得讚揚。
距離這本書第一次寫成已經有幾年了，以下列出了
致謝訊息將接近小型電話簿的大小 -
有太多的好人需要直接感謝。
感謝那些鼓勵、幫助和建設性批評的人
製作一本更好的書，讓學生喜歡閱讀和學習。
我要感謝數百名忍受我的胡言亂語的學生，
咆哮、謾罵和貶低，從而教會了我它們是什麼
有機化學實驗室生存所需的知識。
特別感謝 C.W. Schimelpfenig 博士對許多人的鼓勵
那些年，沒有什麼，他們的評論使這些頁面增色不少； D.L.博士
卡森的評論也出現了，因為他對
x 第一版前言
推介會;博士。 R.A.貝利 (Bailey)、S.C. 邦斯 (S.C. Bunce) 與 H.B.霍林格為他們的
持續的支持和建議； Mark B. Freilich 博士，他的觀點
一位無機化學家在審查過程中證明了自己的價值；和
Sam Johnson 博士在本文的早期階段提供了巨大幫助
加工。我還要感謝克里斯多福‧J‧肯珀 (Christopher J. Kemper) 和基斯‧米勒 (Keith Miller)
對本書的樂器部分提出了寶貴的評論。
最後，我要感謝克利福德·W·米爾斯 (Clifford W. Mills)，他是我在 John Wiley & 的守護神。
兒子們，沒有他們的幫助，這一切都不可能實現，還有安德魯·E·福特，
Jr.，副總裁，在這條痛苦的道路上有一個非常有趣的開始
出版品.
關於風格的一些注意事項
常常會發現講師抱怨使用不當並抱怨
他們的學生除了寫一篇清晰、簡單、
英語交際句子。確實如此。但令我驚訝的是
同樣的人對又長又尷尬的被動語態感到舒服
浮誇的“我們”和笨拙的“一”，還有那個該死的“學生”，
留下練習作為證明。這些結構出現在
幾乎所有的科學文本都沒有產生清晰、簡單、溝通性的內容
生動的英文句子。學生確實可以透過以下方式學習寫作：
例子。
我不會刻意大膽地拆分不定式，也不會主動尋求
用來結束句子的介詞。然而僅透過這些構造，我可能會
有些人認為這會導致學生溝通能力的下降。
E.B.懷特，《風格元素》第二版（麥克米倫，
紐約，1972 年，第 14 頁。 70），寫道
幾年前，學生被警告不要以介係詞結尾句子
化;當然，時間已經軟化了這項嚴格的法令。不僅是
介詞可以放在最後，有時它更有效
地點比其他任何地方都多。 「他使用的工具是羊角錘，而不是斧頭。
謀殺了她。
他謀殺她的工具。
有些不定式似乎在分裂方面有所改進，就像一根圓棒一樣
爐木確實如此。 “我無法讓自己真正喜歡這個傢伙。”這
量刑從寬，意思明確，違法行為無害，
幾乎察覺不到。換句話說，句子變得生硬，需要──
不太正式。耳朵的問題。
我們都應該像懷特一樣寫得糟糕。
在 William Strunk 和 E.B.風格元素中的白色
以及威廉‧辛瑟 (William Zinsser) 的《論寫作》(Onwriting Well) 和魯道夫‧弗萊施 (Rudolph Flesch) 的《ABC》
風格和 D.L.卡森的評論出現在這本書中，我試圖
遵循最近在科學領域被忽視的技術交流的一些原則
文本：使用第一人稱，設身處地為讀者著想，並且，最好的
最後，使用主動語態和個人主詞。
xii 關於風格的一些註釋
以下產品名稱屬於各自的製造商。瑞吉斯-
此處酌情標明了特雷德商標；文中，符號為
省略。
康寧玻璃工廠，紐約州康寧
W.A. Hammond Drierite 公司，俄亥俄州 Xenia
費雪科學公司，賓州匹茲堡
貝克頓狄金森公司，盧瑟福，新
球衣
實驗室設備，馬薩諸塞州劍橋
密理博公司，馬薩諸塞州貝德福德
克勞福德配件公司，俄亥俄州索倫
E.I.杜邦德內穆爾公司，威爾明頓，
德拉瓦州
Variac® 通用無線電公司，麻薩諸塞州康科德
康寧®
Drierite®
Fisher-Johns®
Luer-Lok®
Mel-Temp®
密理博®
世偉洛克®
特氟龍®
前言
人們很少有機會閱讀和使用一本
完全有用，不需要替換和刪除。祖-
布里克的書就是為大學部有機學生提供的此類資源，
他們的實驗室講師和教授。我必須衷心推薦這個
本書適合任何參加有機化學第一門實驗課程的學生。
有機化學實驗室生存手冊充滿了以下內容的解釋：
必要的技術與先進技術的方式大致相同
Wiberg、Lowenthal、Newman 和 Gordon 的書籍中都有介紹
福特。在較大的大學中，《生存手冊》是以下內容的寶貴補充：
大多數實驗室手冊。它提供了許多畢業生的解釋
助教不會花時間上課。大多數教學
我熟人的助手很欣賞祖布里克的書，因為它支持
他們在背誦期間的討論（當每個學生都有個人副本時），
它刷新了他們對所學且必須通過的良好技術的記憶
面向新一代本科生。
本書面向本科生讀者。該資訊-
惡意語氣對大多數實驗室學生有吸引力。插圖很令人愉快。
使用不同類型的字體可以有效地強調。而且，祖布里克總是
解釋了為什麼特定的操作順序是必要的，以及如何
操縱和支持裝置和物質。這是一個確定的
力量。
這本書是一個進化的產物：在十年的時間裡，教授們
各大學和文理學院紛紛提出建議
微小的變化和改進。我認為自己很幸運能夠使用
先驅者，自 1973 年起出版。
收集了大量有用的信息，整理得井井有條，
並精心呈現。本書是名師之作。
《有機化學實驗室生存手冊》是我很久以來就知道的一本書。
處於不同發展階段的年數。隨著事情的進展，我
饒有興趣地看著吉姆·祖布里克努力在兩者之間取得平衡
僅僅傳達訊息——大多數書籍都是這樣做的——並傳達訊息
xiv 前言
有效地將訊息傳遞給人類受眾。一方面，吉姆
堅持他的書包含所有必要的科學細節；另一方面
另一方面，他也堅持有機化學實驗室的「如何做」書不需要
以枯燥且令人困惑的散文形式寫成，這些散文常常被當作語言
科學領域。這本書顯示他已經實現了這兩個目標
令人欽佩的時尚。
事實上，《生存手冊》非常成功地遵循了維根斯坦的理論
格言：「一切可以思考的事情，都可以清晰地思考。
凡是能說的都可以說清楚。
柯勒律治為了避免迂腐，所以只使用「適合於
時間、地點、同伴。
儘管有些讀者可能對這本書感到不滿，因為它是
不是，非典型地用典型期刊文章的語言表達，類似
當威廉·斯特倫克出版《元素》時，人們無疑也抱怨了
1919 年的風格。大多數其他寫作文本
當時的內容是用十九世紀複雜的語言寫成的，
它們所包含的材料主要由一系列神秘的做法組成，
禁忌與教條－－這一切都是為了把學生變成十八世紀的人
圖裡作家。
從斯特倫克的角度來看，這樣的文本對某些人來說並不理想。
主要原因。首先，他們給學生的藥物與
溝通過程本身；第二，和現在關係不大
實踐;第三，服藥非常困難，以至於無法治愈
患者的痛苦比疾病本身還要嚴重。
吉姆·祖布里克在這本書中證明，他和斯特倫克一樣明白，
在只有那些資訊的情況下，學習才能達到最大效率
提出的內容與完成特定任務直接相關。在一個
在充滿危險的環境中，這種效率變得更高
必要的。
《生存手冊》是一本優秀的書，因為它講述了讀者的心聲
需要。書中說，總是直接──儘管有時有點不敬
顯然，許多其他書籍只能以恭敬的間接方式來表達。
它永遠不會忘記時間很短或學習曲線在
第一的。文章通俗易懂，通俗易懂，得到很好的支持
透過大量與文字相關的插圖。它在技術上也是準確的
技術上完整，但它總是解釋實驗室技術問題
以一種旨在使學生在功能上易於理解的方式
情境.
所有這些與溝通效率相關的特徵都會自然而然地
前言 xv
努力使使用本書的實驗室變得更安全；改進後的
他們所提供的理解自然增強了本書的內容
強調和詳細的實驗室安全方法。
然而，最重要的是，《生存手冊》的所有元素都來自
共同關注以某種方式完成任務的重要性
這顯示作者意識到溝通確實
無法有效滿足受眾的需求只不過是迂腐
與時間、地點、公司不適應。 -
2024-08-19 at 10:08 AM UTC有機化學實驗室生存手冊學生技術指南詹姆斯·W·祖布里克哈德遜谷社區學院約翰威利父子公司紐約•奇切斯特•布里斯班•多倫多•新加坡版權所有©1984、1988，JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.版權所有。加拿大同步出版。任何部分的複製或翻譯這項工作超出了各節允許的範圍1976年美國版權法第107條和第108條未經著作權人許可的行為業主不合法。請求許可或應將更多資訊發送至JohnWiley&Sons的權限部門。致辛迪前言第二版聽到你的書被閱讀和喜歡，真是令人振奮，簡直涵蓋了涵蓋從才華橫溢的高中理科生到英語名譽教授。更高興聽到你有機會根據上述評論改進這本書，審稿人的評論以及與審稿人合作中獲得的經驗文字.在本版《有機化學實驗室生存手冊》中，有關以下內容的部分筆記本和手冊已擴展到包括典型的筆記本頁和實際手冊條目以及解釋。有新的關於清潔和乾燥玻璃器皿的注意事項，以及如何找到好的重結晶器化溶劑。一旦他們的樣品被純化，學生現在可以找到直接的用托馬斯-胡佛裝置測定熔點。洗-ing被賦予了與提取同樣的重要性，但也有一些麻煩斑點（以有機層的pH值為例）已被平滑。還有關於使用外部來源的蒸汽蒸餾的附加說明蒸汽。簡單的壓力計、應付漏氣、正確使用壓力計壓力-溫度列線圖增強了真空蒸餾部分-。已添加折射測量，以及（根據特殊要求）關於萃取和蒸餾理論的部分，包括共沸物和共沸蒸餾，我相信，克勞修斯蒸餾法的首次應用Clapyron方程式作為從拉烏爾定律（壓力和摩爾分數）到相圖（溫度和摩爾分數）。許多人對製作此版本的幫助值得讚揚：我的學生們幫助我發現了上一版所缺少的內容，RonaldPohadsky先生和BarryEggleston先生提出了具體建議—在實驗室工作時的系統蒸發散。特別感謝G.J.教授詹茲，倫斯勒理工學院熔鹽資料中心主任感謝他對本版物理化學部分的審閱，並HenryHollinger教授和A.RaufImam教授在最初階段提供的幫助該工作的各個階段。我還要感謝威廉·愛潑斯坦猶他大學魯道夫·戈茨密西根州立大學viii第二版前言克萊莉亞·W·馬洛里賓州大學J·沃林斯基普渡大學感謝他們提出的寶貴意見與建議，使本版更加完善對有機化學實驗室的學生有用。最後，我要感謝John化學編輯DennisSawicki先生首先是Wiley&Sons，這是我收到的最好的生日禮物之一其次，感謝他在某些方面的鼓勵、指導和耐心準備此版本時遇到的麻煩點。DawnReitz女士，生產主管、AnnMeader女士、主管文案編輯和Glenn先生文案編輯佩特里(Petry)帶來了第二篇文章，值得稱讚版約.J·W·祖布里克哈德遜谷社區學院1987年4月3日第一版序言第十次描述實驗室未涵蓋的儀器書，然後你寫一個程式。一遍又一遍地解釋操作在書中，你會得到一組筆記。當這些產生問題時，你修改直到學生（而不是你）最終做對為止。如果你相信的話寫作是凝固的言語——具有相同的停頓，相同的節奏——然後樣式已設定。如果你還能笑，你就寫了這本書。本書介紹了有機化學實驗室的基本技術重點是第一次就把工作做好。為此，經常會提出可能出錯的例子並提出警告為了防止最常見的錯誤，近乎令人憤慨。這是相信進入不可能的經驗要困難得多一旦學生被警告可能發生的事情，就會出現精神問題那些。處理蒸餾、萃取等複雜操作以一種簡單的方式，無論是在解釋或本質上後續程序。對於有關儀器技術的部分也可以這麼說GC、IR、NMR和HPLC的特性。GC色譜技術和HPLC的介紹是因為它們與薄層色譜和柱色譜有關拉菲。光譜技術較少依賴實驗室操作因此在與電子儀器的相似性方面提出了GC和HPLC技術（雙檢測器、HPLC中的UV檢測等）。對於所有技術，重點是正確的樣品製備和正確的儀器操作。許多人對編寫這本教科書的幫助值得讚揚。距離這本書第一次寫成已經有幾年了，以下列出了致謝訊息將接近小型電話簿的大小-有太多的好人需要直接感謝。感謝那些鼓勵、幫助和建設性批評的人製作一本更好的書，讓學生喜歡閱讀和學習。我要感謝數百名忍受我的胡言亂語的學生，咆哮、謾罵和貶低，從而教會了我它們是什麼有機化學實驗室生存所需的知識。特別感謝C.W.Schimelpfenig博士對許多人的鼓勵那些年，沒有什麼，他們的評論使這些頁面增色不少；D.L.博士卡森的評論也出現了，因為他對x第一版前言推介會;博士。R.A.貝利(Bailey)、S.C.邦斯(S.C.Bunce)與H.B.霍林格為他們的持續的支持和建議；MarkB.Freilich博士，他的觀點一位無機化學家在審查過程中證明了自己的價值；和SamJohnson博士在本文的早期階段提供了巨大幫助加工。我還要感謝克里斯多福‧J‧肯珀(ChristopherJ.Kemper)和基斯‧米勒(KeithMiller)對本書的樂器部分提出了寶貴的評論。最後，我要感謝克利福德·W·米爾斯(CliffordW.Mills)，他是我在JohnWiley&的守護神。兒子們，沒有他們的幫助，這一切都不可能實現，還有安德魯·E·福特，Jr.，副總裁，在這條痛苦的道路上有一個非常有趣的開始出版品.關於風格的一些注意事項常常會發現講師抱怨使用不當並抱怨他們的學生除了寫一篇清晰、簡單、英語交際句子。確實如此。但令我驚訝的是同樣的人對又長又尷尬的被動語態感到舒服浮誇的“我們”和笨拙的“一”，還有那個該死的“學生”，留下練習作為證明。這些結構出現在幾乎所有的科學文本都沒有產生清晰、簡單、溝通性的內容生動的英文句子。學生確實可以透過以下方式學習寫作：例子。我不會刻意大膽地拆分不定式，也不會主動尋求用來結束句子的介詞。然而僅透過這些構造，我可能會有些人認為這會導致學生溝通能力的下降。E.B.懷特，《風格元素》第二版（麥克米倫，紐約，1972年，第14頁。70），寫道幾年前，學生被警告不要以介係詞結尾句子化;當然，時間已經軟化了這項嚴格的法令。不僅是介詞可以放在最後，有時它更有效地點比其他任何地方都多。「他使用的工具是羊角錘，而不是斧頭。謀殺了她。他謀殺她的工具。有些不定式似乎在分裂方面有所改進，就像一根圓棒一樣爐木確實如此。“我無法讓自己真正喜歡這個傢伙。”這量刑從寬，意思明確，違法行為無害，幾乎察覺不到。換句話說，句子變得生硬，需要──不太正式。耳朵的問題。我們都應該像懷特一樣寫得糟糕。在WilliamStrunk和E.B.風格元素中的白色以及威廉‧辛瑟(WilliamZinsser)的《論寫作》(OnwritingWell)和魯道夫‧弗萊施(RudolphFlesch)的《ABC》風格和D.L.卡森的評論出現在這本書中，我試圖遵循最近在科學領域被忽視的技術交流的一些原則文本：使用第一人稱，設身處地為讀者著想，並且，最好的最後，使用主動語態和個人主詞。xii關於風格的一些註釋以下產品名稱屬於各自的製造商。瑞吉斯-此處酌情標明了特雷德商標；文中，符號為省略。康寧玻璃工廠，紐約州康寧W.A.HammondDrierite公司，俄亥俄州Xenia費雪科學公司，賓州匹茲堡貝克頓狄金森公司，盧瑟福，新球衣實驗室設備，馬薩諸塞州劍橋密理博公司，馬薩諸塞州貝德福德克勞福德配件公司，俄亥俄州索倫E.I.杜邦德內穆爾公司，威爾明頓，德拉瓦州Variac®通用無線電公司，麻薩諸塞州康科德康寧®Drierite®Fisher-Johns®Luer-Lok®Mel-Temp®密理博®世偉洛克®特氟龍®前言人們很少有機會閱讀和使用一本完全有用，不需要替換和刪除。祖-布里克的書就是為大學部有機學生提供的此類資源，他們的實驗室講師和教授。我必須衷心推薦這個本書適合任何參加有機化學第一門實驗課程的學生。有機化學實驗室生存手冊充滿了以下內容的解釋：必要的技術與先進技術的方式大致相同Wiberg、Lowenthal、Newman和Gordon的書籍中都有介紹福特。在較大的大學中，《生存手冊》是以下內容的寶貴補充：大多數實驗室手冊。它提供了許多畢業生的解釋助教不會花時間上課。大多數教學我熟人的助手很欣賞祖布里克的書，因為它支持他們在背誦期間的討論（當每個學生都有個人副本時），它刷新了他們對所學且必須通過的良好技術的記憶面向新一代本科生。本書面向本科生讀者。該資訊-惡意語氣對大多數實驗室學生有吸引力。插圖很令人愉快。使用不同類型的字體可以有效地強調。而且，祖布里克總是解釋了為什麼特定的操作順序是必要的，以及如何操縱和支持裝置和物質。這是一個確定的力量。這本書是一個進化的產物：在十年的時間裡，教授們各大學和文理學院紛紛提出建議微小的變化和改進。我認為自己很幸運能夠使用先驅者，自1973年起出版。收集了大量有用的信息，整理得井井有條，並精心呈現。本書是名師之作。《有機化學實驗室生存手冊》是我很久以來就知道的一本書。處於不同發展階段的年數。隨著事情的進展，我饒有興趣地看著吉姆·祖布里克努力在兩者之間取得平衡僅僅傳達訊息——大多數書籍都是這樣做的——並傳達訊息xiv前言有效地將訊息傳遞給人類受眾。一方面，吉姆堅持他的書包含所有必要的科學細節；另一方面另一方面，他也堅持有機化學實驗室的「如何做」書不需要以枯燥且令人困惑的散文形式寫成，這些散文常常被當作語言科學領域。這本書顯示他已經實現了這兩個目標令人欽佩的時尚。事實上，《生存手冊》非常成功地遵循了維根斯坦的理論格言：「一切可以思考的事情，都可以清晰地思考。凡是能說的都可以說清楚。柯勒律治為了避免迂腐，所以只使用「適合於時間、地點、同伴。儘管有些讀者可能對這本書感到不滿，因為它是不是，非典型地用典型期刊文章的語言表達，類似當威廉·斯特倫克出版《元素》時，人們無疑也抱怨了1919年的風格。大多數其他寫作文本當時的內容是用十九世紀複雜的語言寫成的，它們所包含的材料主要由一系列神秘的做法組成，禁忌與教條－－這一切都是為了把學生變成十八世紀的人圖裡作家。從斯特倫克的角度來看，這樣的文本對某些人來說並不理想。主要原因。首先，他們給學生的藥物與溝通過程本身；第二，和現在關係不大實踐;第三，服藥非常困難，以至於無法治愈患者的痛苦比疾病本身還要嚴重。吉姆·祖布里克在這本書中證明，他和斯特倫克一樣明白，在只有那些資訊的情況下，學習才能達到最大效率提出的內容與完成特定任務直接相關。在一個在充滿危險的環境中，這種效率變得更高必要的。《生存手冊》是一本優秀的書，因為它講述了讀者的心聲需要。書中說，總是直接──儘管有時有點不敬顯然，許多其他書籍只能以恭敬的間接方式來表達。它永遠不會忘記時間很短或學習曲線在第一的。文章通俗易懂，通俗易懂，得到很好的支持透過大量與文字相關的插圖。它在技術上也是準確的技術上完整，但它總是解釋實驗室技術問題以一種旨在使學生在功能上易於理解的方式情境.所有這些與溝通效率相關的特徵都會自然而然地前言xv努力使使用本書的實驗室變得更安全；改進後的他們所提供的理解自然增強了本書的內容強調和詳細的實驗室安全方法。然而，最重要的是，《生存手冊》的所有元素都來自共同關注以某種方式完成任務的重要性這顯示作者意識到溝通確實無法有效滿足受眾的需求只不過是迂腐與時間、地點、公司不適應。
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2024-08-19 at 11:53 AM UTC
Introduction
Since the U.S. Congress passed the Combat Methamphetamine Epidemic Act in March of 2006, the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) Methamphetamine Profiling Program (MPP) has seen a shift away from pseudoephedrine and ephedrine-based large-scale clandestine laboratory production of methamphetamine. This shift was observed from forensic analyses using an established analytical protocol [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10] of numerous high quality methamphetamine samples obtained from U.S.-Mexico border and domestic seizures. Since that time, the forensic results tell a chemical story that revolves around the chemical precursor known as phenyl-2-propanone (P2P), and since approximately 2009, the MPP has been tracking a methamphetamine clandestine P2P laboratory process that uses a foul-smelling crystalline material known as phenylacetic acid (PAA). This precursor is difficult to buy clandestinely; therefore, an ester of PAA, usually ethyl phenylacetate (EtPA), a perfume-like smelling oil sold in 200 L containers, is purchased. This oil is very easily transformed into PAA using acid and base chemistry for the eventual production of P2P (Fig. 1). The two main recipes to convert PAA with modest yields into P2P are the Dakin-West reaction that uses acetic anhydride and sodium acetate as essential chemicals and the lead acetate reaction [11], [12]. The former reaction is heated for several hours producing a dark brown solution, which is then later distilled to obtain the P2P product. The latter reaction proceeds via a destructive distillation process using PAA and lead acetate, which are easily handled solid materials. The resulting P2P oil produced from both of these reactions is converted to methamphetamine using either an amalgam or Leuckart reductive amination process. Impurities related to these processes have been well studied and are now routinely monitored in high purity methamphetamine samples [13], [14], [15]. The key impurities from these processes are known as the B-compound (α-benzyl-N-methylphenethylamine) and the P-compound (trans-N-methyl-4-methyl-5-phenyl-4-penten-2-amine) and are used to track the PAA-based methamphetamine results [16], [17].
It appears that the perfume oil (EtPA), and other related ester and amide materials became less available, because an alternative P2P recipe started to emerge onto the forensic scene in 2014. At that time, a new impurity pattern was identified in the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses results for a significant portion of the seized samples. This led to uncertainty for the MPP, with a spike in unknown synthetic route assignments, and a sharp decrease (84%) in samples assigned to a P2P-based recipe in the first quarter of 2015 (Fig. 2). This new and unknown profile was quickly solved and P2P-based assignments went back to status quo (above 90%) in recent reporting periods, from 2016 to 2018. It should be noted that another forensic profiling team located in Australia has also observed this new profiling pattern in seized methamphetamine samples [18].
The old clandestine method responsible for the newly observed profiling pattern is referred to by the MPP as the nitrostyrene (NTS) method (it could also be called the nitropropene method). It uses benzaldehyde and nitroethane as the two key precursor chemicals in the process (Fig. 3). A Knoevenagel reaction resulting in NTS has long been known to produce a translucent, yellow solid (possibly orange if not enhancemented and dried well) as an easily managed intermediate in the first step of the method [19]. This solid is then converted to P2P in a harsh reaction using iron powder and hydrochloric acid [19], which leaves behind black solid iron sludge as waste. The P2P oil is then converted to methamphetamine using the same reductive amination chemistry as mentioned earlier for PAA-based methamphetamine.
Herein, we report forensic evidence that supports the recent P2P recipe change to be from the nitrostyrene method and will show the impact of this method on methamphetamine samples seized in the U.S.A. from 2015 to 2018.Solvents, chemicals, and materials
All chemicals and solvents used were reagent grade or better. Petroleum ether and dichloromethane were obtained from VWR Corp. (West Chester, PA).
Reagents utilized for the nitrostyrene synthesis to P2P included nitroethane, benzaldehyde, iron powder, and iron (III) chloride (all from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO), and hydrochloric acid (J.T. Baker, 36%) from Avantor Performance Materials Inc. (Center Valley, PA).
Reagents utilized for the mercury amalgam syntheses [20] of
Results and discussion
In the first step of the NTS method, either butylamine or cyclohexylamine are added in catalytic amounts to facilitate the Knoevenagel reaction process. These amines react nicely with benzaldehye to produce their corresponding imines, which then undergo carbon–carbon bond formation with the enolate of nitroethane. Elimination of the catalytic amines back into the reaction mixture results in nitrostyrene formation. These catalysts are therefore present as impurities in the reductive hydrolysis
Conclusions
The forensic identification and tracking of two new forensic NTS marker compounds 1 and 2 present at low levels in highly refined seized methamphetamine samples was discussed. These compounds were independently identified, synthesized, structurally elucidated, and then used as standards to support forensic analysis. A series of laboratory-generated samples using a variety of nitrostyrene and other related recipe choices were prepared and their profiling results compared well with actual seized
Acknowledgement
The authors are indebted to the DEA Office of Forensic Sciences for supporting this profiling work. -
2024-08-19 at 11:58 PM UTC0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
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𝄀 𝄁 𝄂 𝄃 𝄄 𝄅 𝄆 𝄇 𝄈 𝄉 𝄊 𝄋 𝄌 𝄍 𝄎 𝄏
𝄐 𝄑 𝄒 𝄓 𝄔 𝄕 𝄖 𝄗 𝄘 𝄙 𝄚 𝄛 𝄜 𝄝 𝄞 𝄟
𝄠 𝄡 𝄢 𝄣 𝄤 𝄥 𝄦 𝄩 𝄪 𝄫 𝄬 𝄭 𝄮 𝄯
𝄰 𝄱 𝄲 𝄳 𝄴 𝄵 𝄶 𝄷 𝄸 𝄹 𝄺 𝄻 𝄼 𝄽 𝄾 𝄿
𝅀 𝅁 𝅂 𝅃 𝅄 𝅅 𝅆 𝅇 𝅈 𝅉 𝅊 𝅋 𝅌 𝅍 𝅎 𝅏
𝅐 𝅑 𝅒 𝅓 𝅔 𝅕 𝅖 𝅗 𝅘 NULL
𝅚 𝅛 𝅜 𝅝 𝅗𝅥 𝅘𝅥
𝅘𝅥𝅮 𝅘𝅥𝅯 𝅘𝅥𝅰 𝅘𝅥𝅱 𝅘𝅥𝅲 𝅥 𝅦 𝅧 𝅨 𝅩 𝅪 𝅫 𝅬 𝅭 𝅮 𝅯
𝅰 𝅱 𝅲 BEGIN
PHR. 𝅻 𝅼 𝅽 𝅾 𝅿
U+1D18x 𝆀 𝆁 𝆂 𝆃 𝆄 𝆅 𝆆 𝆇 𝆈 𝆉 𝆊 𝆋 𝆌 𝆍 𝆎 𝆏
U+1D19x 𝆐 𝆑 𝆒 𝆓 𝆔 𝆕 𝆖 𝆗 𝆘 𝆙 𝆚 𝆛 𝆜 𝆝 𝆞 𝆟
U+1D1Ax 𝆠 𝆡 𝆢 𝆣 𝆤 𝆥 𝆦 𝆧 𝆨 𝆩 𝆪 𝆫 𝆬 𝆭 𝆮 𝆯
U+1D1Bx 𝆰 𝆱 𝆲 𝆳 𝆴 𝆵 𝆶 𝆷 𝆸 𝆹 𝆺 𝆹𝅥 𝆺𝅥 𝆹𝅥𝅮 𝆺𝅥𝅮 𝆹𝅥𝅯
U+1D1Cx 𝆺𝅥𝅯 𝇁 𝇂 𝇃 𝇄 𝇅 𝇆 𝇇 𝇈 𝇉 𝇊 𝇋 𝇌 𝇍 𝇎 𝇏
U+1D1Dx 𝇐 𝇑 𝇒 𝇓 𝇔 𝇕 𝇖 𝇗 𝇘 𝇙 𝇚 𝇛 𝇜 𝇝 𝇞 𝇟
U+1D1Ex 𝇠 𝇡 𝇢 𝇣 𝇤 𝇥 𝇦 𝇧 𝇨 𝇩 𝇪
U+1D1Fx -
2024-08-22 at 3:07 PM UTC3d 4f 4wd a aa aapss aardvark aardvarks aardwolf aaron aaronsbeard aaronsrod aas aasvogel aasystem aau ab aba abaca aback abacterial abaculus abacus abacuses abaddon abaft abalienate abalone abandon abandoned abandonee abandoner abandoning abandonment abandons abas abase abased abasement abases abash abasia abasing abask abate abated abatement abates abating abatis abator abattery abattoir abaxial abb abba abbacy abbasid abbatial abbe abbess abbevillian abbey abbeys abbot abbots abbr abbreviate abbreviated abbreviates abbreviating abbreviation abbreviations abc abcoulomb abcweapon abd abdicable abdicant abdicate abdicated abdicates abdicating abdication abdomen abdomens abdominal abdominally abdominous abducent abduct abducted abducting abduction abductions abducts abe abeam abecedarian abed abegging abel abele abelian abelmosk abend aberdeen aberdeenangus aberdeenterrier aberdevine aberdonian aberglaube abernethy aberrant aberration aberrations abet abets abetted abetting abettor abextra abeyance abfarad abhenry abhor abhorred abhorrence abhorrent abhorrer abhorring abhors abidance abide abided abider abides abiding abient abigail abilities ability abinitio abintra abiochemistry abiogenesis abiogenetic abiogenist abiological abiosis abiotic abirritant abirritate abject abjection abjuration abjure abjured abjures abjuring abl ablactation ablate ablation ablations ablative ablativeshielding ablator ablaut ablaze able ablebodied ableday ablegate ablepsia ableseaman ablins abloom abluent ablush ablution ablutions ably abm abmodality abnegate abnegated abnegates abnegating abnegation abnormal abnormalities abnormality abnormally abnormity abo aboard abode aboil abolish abolished abolishes abolishing abolishment abolition abolitionary abolitionism abolitionist abolitionists abolitionize abomasum abomb abominable abominablesnowman abominably abominate abominated abominates abominating abomination abominations abonchat abonmarche aboon aboriginal aboriginally aborigine aborigines aborning abort aborted aborticide abortifacient aborting abortion abortionondemand abortions abortive aborts abortus abosystem abought abound abounded abounding abounds about aboutface aboutship abouttowner aboutturn above aboveaverage aboveboard abovecited abovedeck aboveground abovementioned abovestairs abovo abp abracadabra abrachia abradant abrade abraham abrahamman abrahamsbosom abram abranchiate abrasion abrasions abrasive abrasives abreact abreaction abreast abri abridge abridged abridges abridging abridgment abroach abroad abrogate abrogated abrogates abrogating abrogation abrupt abruption abruptly abruptness abs absalom abscess abscind abscissa abscission abscond absconded absconding absconds abseil absence absent absented absentee absenteeballot absenteeism absenteelandlord absentees absenteevoter absentereo absenting absently absentminded absents absentvoter absinth absinthism absitomen absolute absoluteaddress absolutealcohol absolutealtitude absoluteceiling absolutehumidity absolutely absolutemagnitude absolutemajority absolutemonarchy absolutemusic absoluteness absolutepitch absolutes absolutescale absolutespace absolutetemperature absoluteterm absolutevalue absoluteweapon absolutezero absolution absolutism absolutist absolve absolved absolves absolving absonant absorb absorbed absorbeddose absorbefacient absorbency absorbent absorbentcotton absorber absorbers absorbing absorbs absorptance absorption absorptionband absorptionspectrum absorptionsystem absorptive absorptivity absquatulate abstain abstained abstainer abstainers abstaining abstains abstemious abstemiously abstention abstentious absterge abstergent abstersion abstersive abstinence abstinencesyndrome abstinent abstinently abstract abstracted abstracter abstractexpressionism abstracting abstraction abstractionism abstractionist abstractionmonger abstractions abstractive abstracts abstruse absurd absurdism absurdities absurdity absurdly abtsystem abu abubble abuilding abulia abundance abundant abundantly aburbecondita abusage abuse abused abuser abusers abuses abusing abusive abusively abut abutilon abutment abuts abuttal abutted abutter abutting abuzz aby abysm abysmal abysmally abyss abyssal abysses abyssinia abyssinian ac acacia acacias acad academe academese academia academic academical academically academicaptitudetest academicart academiccostume academicfreedom academician academicinterests academicism academicrank academics academicyear academies academism academize academy academyaward academyboard acadia acaleph acanthaster acanthocyte acanthus acappella acapriccio acapulcogold acarid acaridan acarpous acatalectic acatalepsy acataleptic acaulescent acauline acc accede acceded accedence accedes acceding accel accelerando accelerant accelerate accelerated accelerates accelerating acceleration accelerative accelerator accelerators accelerometer accent accented accenting accentmark accents accentual accentuate accentuated accentuates accentuating accentuation accept acceptability acceptable acceptableloss acceptably acceptance acceptancerate acceptances acceptancetest acceptant acceptation accepted acceptedpairing accepter accepting acceptinghouse acceptor accepts access accessary accesscharge accesscontroller accessed accesses accessibility accessible accessing accession accessionbook accessionnumber accessorial accessories accessorily accessory accesspermit accessprogram accessroad accesstime accessway accidence accident accidental accidentalcolors accidentalerror accidentally accidentalpresident accidented accidentinsurance accidentprone accidents accidie accipiter acclaim acclaimed acclaiming acclaims acclamation acclimatable acclimatation acclimate acclimated acclimates acclimating acclimation acclimatization acclimatize acclivitous acclivity acclivous accolade accommodate accommodated accommodates accommodating accommodation accommodationaddress accommodationbill accommodationcollar accommodationist accommodationladder accommodationpayment accommodationroad accommodations accommodationtrain accommodationunit accommodative accommodator accompanied accompanies accompaniment accompaniments accompanist accompany accompanying accomplice accomplices accomplish accomplished accomplishes accomplishing accomplishment accomplishmentquotient accomplishments accord accordance accordant accorded according accordingly accordion accordiondoor accordionpleats accords accost accouchement accoucheur accoucheuse account accountability accountable accountancy accountant accountantgeneral accountants accountbook accountcurrent accountday accounted accountexecutive accounting accountingpackage accountpayable accountreceivable accountrendered accounts accountsales accouter accouterment accredit accredited accrediting accredits accrete accretion accretive accroach accrual accrue accrued accrues accruing acct acculturate acculturated acculturates acculturating acculturation accumbent accumulate accumulated accumulates accumulating accumulation accumulations accumulative accumulator accuracy accurate accurately accursed accus accusable accusation accusations accusatival accusative accusatorial accusatory accuse accused accuser accusers accuses accusing accustom accustomed accustoming accustoms acdc ace acea aceae acedia acehigh aceldama acellular acentric aceous acephalous acerate acerb acerbate acerbity acerose acervate aces acescent acesodyne acesodynous acetabulum acetal acetaldehyde acetaminophen acetanilide acetarious acetate acetaterayon acetic aceticacid aceticanhydride acetifier acetify acetimeter aceto acetometer acetone acetose acetous acetum acetyl acetylcholine acetylene acetylsalicylicacid aceydeucy acf achaea achaean achaeanleague achaia achates ache ached achene achernar acheron aches acheulean achievable achieve achieved achievement achievementage achievementmotive achievementquotient achievements achievementtest achieves achieving achilary achillean achilles achillesheel achillestendon aching achluophobia achoo achromat achromatic achromaticity achromatism achromatize achromatopsia achromycin achy acicula aciculate acid aciddrop aciddust acidfast acidflush acidfog acidfreepaper acidhead acidic acidifiable acidify acidimeter acidity acidlesstrip acidophil acidophilusmilk acidosis acidrain acidrock acids acidtest acidtrip acidulate acidulent acidulous acierage aciniform acinose acinous acinus acious acity ack ackack ackemma ackgt acknowledge acknowledged acknowledgement acknowledgements acknowledges acknowledging acknowledgment acknowledgments aclinicline acls aclutter acm acme acmes acne acned acock acolyte aconcagua aconite aconitine acorn acorncup acorns acornshell acorntube acotyledon acoumeter acoustic acousticalcloud acousticcoupler acoustician acousticon acousticperfume acousticphonetics acoustics acousto acp acquaint acquaintance acquaintances acquaintanceship acquainted acquainting acquaints acquest acquiesce acquiesced acquiescence acquiescent acquiesces acquiescing acquire acquired acquiredcharacter acquirement acquires acquiring acquisition acquisitions acquisitive acquisitively acquisitiveness acquit acquits acquittal acquittals acquittance acquitted acquitting acrawl acre acreage acred acrefoot acres acrid acridine acrilan acrimonious acrimony acritical acro acrobat acrobatic acrobatics acrobats acrogen acrolect acrolein acrolith acromegalic acromegaly acroname acronical acronym acronymize acronyms acrophobia acropolis across acrosstheboard acrossthetable acrostic acrotheater acrotism acrylic acrylicfiber acrylonitrile acs act actable actcall acted actg acth actin acting actinia actinic actinideseries actiniform actinism actinium actinoid actinolite actinometer actinomyces actinomycin actinotherapy action actionable actioncommittee actionfilm actionist actionpainting actionradius actions actionstation actiontrack activate activated activates activating activation activationanalysis activator active actively activepartner activeprogram activism activist activists activities activity activize actofgod acton actor actorproof actors actress actresses acts actual actualgrace actualist actualite actuality actualization actualize actualized actually actualsin actuarial actuaries actuary actuate actuator actuators acuity aculeate aculeus acumen acuminate acupressure acupunctural acupuncture acupuncturist acupuncturists acute acutecare acutely acuteness acv acy acyclic acyclicity ad ada adage adagio adam adamant adamantine adamantly adamite adams adamsale adamsapple adamsite adamson adamssin adapt adaptability adaptable adaptation adaptations adapted adapter adapters adapting adaption adaptive adaptiveoptics adaptometer adaptor adaptors adapts aday adb adcaptandumvulgus adcolumn adcraft add addax added addedline addedvaluetax addend addenda addendum adder adders adderstongue addfare addict addicted addicting addiction addictions addictive addicts addie adding addingmachine addisababa addison addisonsdisease additament addition additional additionally additions additive additives addle addlebrained addled addlepated addles addling addon address addressable addressed addressee addressees addresser addressers addresses addressing addressingmachine addressograph addressor addressterm adds adduce adducent adduct adduction adductive adductor addup ade adelaide adele adeliepenguin adeline ademption aden adenauer adenectomy adenine adeno adenoid adenoidectomy adenoma adenose adenosine adenosinediphosphate adenosinemonophosphate adenosinetriphosphate adenovirus adept adequacy adequate adequately adeundem adeux adf adfinem adh adhere adherence adherent adherents adheres adhering adhesion adhesive adhesives adhesivetape adhibit adhoc adhocery adhocracy adhominem adi adiabatic adiantum adidas adieu adinf adinfinitum adinterim adios adipocere adipose adiposefin adiposity adirondack adirondackmountains adit adiz adj adjacence adjacency adjacent adjacentangles adject adjectival adjective adjectivelaw adjectives adjoin adjoined adjoining adjoins adjoint adjoints adjourn adjourned adjourning adjournment adjournments adjourns adjt adjudge adjudicate adjudicated adjudicates adjudicating adjudication adjudications adjudicator adjudicators adjunct adjunction adjunctions adjunctive adjunctively adjunctprofessor adjuncts adjuration adjuratory adjure adjured adjures adjuring adjust adjustable adjusted adjuster adjusting adjustment adjustments adjustor adjusts adjutage adjutancy adjutant adjutantgeneral adjutants adjutantstork adjuvant adland adlerian adless adlib adlibitum adlitteram adlocum adm adman admass admeasure admeasurement admin adminicle administer administered administering administers administrable administrate administration administrations administrative administrator administrators administratrix admirable admirably admiral admiralofthefleet admirals admiralty admiration admire admired admirer admirers admires admiring admissibility admissible admission admissionday admissions admissive admit admits admittable admittance admitted admittedly admitting admix admixture admixtures adml admonish admonished admonishes admonishing admonition admonitions admonitor admonitory admor adnate adnauseam adnominal adnoun ado adobe adoing adolescence adolescent adolescents adolf adonic adonis adonize adopt adopted adopting adoption adoptions adoptive adopts adorability adorable adorableness adorably adoration adore adored adorer adorers adores adoring adorn adorned adorning adornment adorns adown adp adreferendum adrem adrenal adrenalgland adrenalin adrenaline adrenalize adrenocorticotrophin adrenocorticotropic adriamycin adriana adriatic adrift adroit adroite adroitly adroitness adry ads adscititious adscript adsmith adsorb adsorbate adsorbent adsorption adsorptive adsum adulate adulated adulates adulating adulation adulator adulators adulatory adullamite adult adulteducation adulterant adulterate adulterated adulterating adulteration adulterer adulterers adulteress adulteresses adulteries adulterine adulterous adultery adulthood adultify adultoriented adults adumbral adumbrate adumbration adurol adust adv advalorem advance advanceagent advancebooking advancecopy advanced advancedstanding advanceguard advanceman advancement advancements advancepoll advances advancing advantage advantaged advantageous advantageously advantages advect advection advent adventist adventitious adventive adventsunday adventure adventured adventureplayground adventurer adventurers adventures adventuresome adventuring adventurism adventurous adverb adverbial adverbs adverbum adversaries adversary adversarysystem adversative adverse adversely adversity advert advertence advertent advertise advertised advertisement advertisements advertiser advertisers advertises advertising advertisingagency advertisingman advertorial advice advisability advisable advisably advise advised advisedly advisee advisement advisements adviser advisers advises advising advisor advisors advisory advocaat advocacy advocate advocated advocates advocating advocator advocatusdiaboli advol advowson advt adynamia adytum adz adzukibean ae aea aecamera aecb aedes aedile aef aegean aeger aegis aegisthus aegrotat aemia aeneas aeneid aeneous aeolia aeolian aeolianharp aeolic aeolipile aeolis aeolotropic aeolotropy aeolus aeon aer aerate aerated aerates aerating aeration aerator aeri aerial aerialbomb aerialist aeriality aerialladder aerially aerialmine aerialrefueling aerialtorpedo aerialtramway aerie aerification aeriform aerify aero aeroballistics aerobatic aerobatics aerobe aerobee aerobic aerobicdancing aerobiology aerocar aerocraft aeroculture aerodonetics aerodrome aerodynamic aerodynamics aerodyne aeroembolism aeroengine aerofoil aerogenerator aerogram aerogramme aerograph aerographer aerography aerolite aerology aeromarine aeromechanic aeromechanics aeromedicine aerometeorograph aerometer aerometry aeromotor aeron aeronaut aeronautic aeronautics aeronauts aeroneurosis aeronomy aerootitismedia aeropause aerophobe aerophobia aerophone aerophoto aerophotography aerophyte aeroplane aeroplanes aeroplankton aeropolitics aeropulse aeroscope aerosol aerosolbomb aerosols aerospace aerospaceengineering aerosphere aerostat aerostatic aerostatics aerostation aerotherapeutics aerothermodynamics aerotrain aeroview aeruginous aerugo aery aesculapius aesir aesop aesopian aesopsfables aesthete aesthetic aesthetical aesthetician aestheticism aesthetics aesthophysiology aestival aestivate aet aether aetiology aew af afar afb afcamera afdb afeard affability affable affair affaire affairs affect affectation affected affecting affection affectionate affectionately affections affective affects affenpinscher afferent affettuoso affiance affiant affidavit affidavits affiliate affiliated affiliates affiliating affiliation affiliations affine affined affinities affinitive affinity affinitygroup affirm affirmance affirmant affirmation affirmations affirmative affirmativeaction affirmatively affirmatory affirmed affirming affirms affix affixation affixed affixes affixing affixture afflation afflatus afflict afflicted afflicting affliction afflictions afflictive afflicts afflight affluence affluent affluenza afflux afford affordable afforded affording affords afforest affranchise affray affreightment affricate affricative affright affront afft affusion afg afghan afghanhound afghani afghanistan afghanistanism afghans aficionado afield afire afkn aflame aflatoxin aflcio afloat aflutter afm afond afoot afore aforehand aforementioned aforesaid aforethought aforetime afortiori afoul afp afr afraid aframe aframerican afreet afresh afric africa african africandominoes africanist africanize africans africanviolet afrikaans afrikaner afrikanerdom afrit afro afroamerican afroasian afroasiatic afrobeat afrocuban afroism afrolatin afrosaxon afrowig afrts aft after afterbirth afterbody afterbrain afterburner afterburning aftercare afterclap aftercost aftercrop afterdamp afterdark afterdeck afterdinner aftereffect afterglow aftergrass aftergrowth afterguard afterheat afterhours afterimage afterlife afterlight aftermarket aftermath aftermost afternoon afternoondrive afternooner afternoonman afternoonpaper afternoons afternoontea afterpain afterpiece afterrecording aftersaleservice aftershave aftershock afterski aftertaste aftertax afterthought afterthoughts aftertime afterwar afterward afterwards afterwit afterword afterworld afteryears afto aftra ag aga again against agalloch agama agamemnon agamic agamogenesis agamy agapanthus agape agapemone agar agaragar agaric agate agateline agateware agatha agauche agave agaze agb age agebracket aged agegroup agehardening ageing ageism ageless agelimit agelong agemate agencies agency agencyshop agenda agendas agene agenorm agent agential agentive agentnoun agentorange agentprovocateur agents ageold ageratum ages agespecific agf agger aggie aggiornamento agglomerate agglomeration agglomerative agglutinant agglutinate agglutination agglutinative agglutinin agglutinogen aggrandize aggravate aggravated aggravating aggravation aggravations aggregate aggregated aggregates aggregating aggregation aggregations aggregative aggress aggression aggressions aggressive aggressively aggressiveness aggressor aggressors aggrieve aggrieved aghast agile agility agin aging aginner agio agiotage agism agitate agitated agitates agitating agitation agitations agitative agitato agitator agitprop aglaia aglare aglaze agleam aglet agley aglimmer aglitter
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2024-08-22 at 3:07 PM UTCwarper warping warplane warps warrant warrantable warranted warrantee warranter warranties warranting warrantofficer warrantor warrants warranty warren warrener warring warrior warriors warriskinsurance wars warsaw warsawtreatyorganization warship warships warsong wart warthog wartime wartorn warts warty warweary warwhoop warwickshire warwidow warworn wary warzone was wash washable washandwear washbasin washboard washboards washbowl washcloth washday washed washedout washedup washer washerdryer washerman washers washerwoman washery washes washeteria washfast washgoods washhand washhouse washing washingday washingmachine washingpowder washingsoda washington washingtonian washingtonpie washingtonsbirthday washingup washingupmachine washleather washoil washout washrag washroom washsale washstand washtub washup washwoman washy wasn't wasnt wasp waspish wasps waspwaist wassail wassermannreaction wast wastage waste wastebasket wastebaskets wastebin wastebook wasted 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2024-08-23 at 2:11 AM UTC
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2024-08-23 at 2:18 AM UTC
Originally posted by the man who put it in my hood 3d 4f 4wd a aa aapss aardvark aardvarks aardwolf aaron aaronsbeard aaronsrod aas aasvogel aasystem aau ab abaca aback 細菌算盤算盤算盤減弱abatis abator 屠宰場abaxis abb abba abbacy 阿巴斯德abbatial abbe abbess abbevillian abbeys abbbot abbots abbr 縮寫縮寫縮寫縮寫abc abcoulomb abcweapon abdabdicable 退位退縮abecedarian abed乞討 abel abele abelian abelmosk abend aberdeen aberdeenangus aberdeenterrier aberdevine aberdonian aberglaube abernethy 異常畸變 abet 教唆 教惡恨ail 能力 能力 abinitio abintra abiochemistry abiogenesis abiogenesis abiogenist abiological abiosis非生物abirritant abirritate abject abject abjuration abint abirritate abject abject abjure abjured abjures abl abactation ablate ablation ablations ablative ablativeshielding ablatmable aabledkablesablekablekablesablekables fables fables fidablesb; abmodality abnegate abneated埃蓋茨放棄放棄放棄異常異常異常異常異常abo aboard abode aboil abolish廢除廢除廢除廢除廢除廢除廢奴主義廢奴主義者廢除abomasum abomb 可憎可憎可憎雪人可憎可憎可憎可憎可憎abonchat abonmarche aboon 原住民原住民墮胎墮胎墮胎墮胎劑墮胎墮胎按需墮胎墮胎墮胎墮胎系統買了很多很多很多很多關於改變轉彎高於平均以上上面引用高於甲板以上上述樓梯abovo abp abracadabra abrachia 磨損磨損abraham abrahamman abrahamsbosom abram abram abram abranchiate 磨損磨料碎紙 abreact abreaction abreast abribridge abribridge 節刪料突然ly 突然性abs Absalom 膿瘍Abscind 橫坐標脫落潛逃潛逃潛逃潛逃缺席缺席缺席缺席投票缺席地主缺席缺席選民缺席缺席選民苦艾酒苦艾酒絕對地址絕對地址絕對酒精絕對高度絕對天花板絕對濕度絕對幅度絕對多數絕對多數絕對音樂絕對音高絕對音高絕對尺度絕對空間絕對溫度絕對術語絕對值絕對零絕對絕對主義絕對主義赦免赦免赦免消除吸收吸收吸收吸收劑量吸收有效吸收性吸收性吸收性吸收帶吸收譜吸收系統吸收吸收性吸收戒除戒除戒除戒除戒除戒除戒除戒除戒除綜合症戒斷抽象抽象抽象抽象抽象表現主義抽象離子抽象主義抽象主義商人抽象抽象抽象荒謬荒謬荒謬荒謬主義荒謬荒謬荒謬abtsystem abu abubble abuilding abulia豐富豐富aburbecondita 濫用濫用濫用濫用者濫用者濫用
經曲經曲戰機經曲保證書保證書保證書保證書保證書軍官保證書保證書沃倫·沃倫納交戰戰士戰士WarriskInsurance 戰爭華沙WarsawTreatyorganization 軍艦軍艦戰艦戰艦戰歌疣豬戰時戰戰疣疣Warty Warweary Warwhoop 里克郡 Warwhoop 沃里克郡Warwidow Warworn Warworn 戰區可洗可洗可洗面盆洗衣板洗衣板洗碗洗臉布洗日洗滌洗滌洗滌洗衣機烘乾機洗衣機洗衣機洗衣機洗衣機女式洗衣機洗滌洗衣店快洗洗衣機洗手洗衣房洗滌日用洗衣機洗滌粉洗滌蘇打水華盛頓華盛頓餡餅華盛頓生日洗滌洗滌洗衣機皮革洗滌油洗滌抹布洗滌室洗滌銷售盥洗台洗臉盆洗滌女洗滌不是黃蜂黃蜂黃蜂黃蜂腰部瓦薩伊瓦瑟曼反應浪費廢物浪費廢紙簍廢紙簍廢物箱廢書浪費浪費浪費浪費浪費工業荒地無廢棄物廢棄物製造者廢紙廢紙簍廢棄物管廢棄物綜合體廢棄物產品廢棄物廢棄物廢水浪費浪費資產浪費者wat 錶帶錶殼錶鍊手錶委員會手錶水晶看門狗看門狗觀看者觀看者觀看者觀看者觀看者觀看者觀看者觀看者觀看者觀看者觀看者觀看者觀看者觀看者值班員手錶袋瞭望塔值班員口號水科水水運水背水法警水平衡水球水床水甲蟲水鳥水餅乾水泡水船水炸彈水瓶水牛水蟲水車水槍水車運水車水車水車水道水鐘水廁水冷卻器水道水餅乾水艇水田芥水循環Waterdiviner水狗飲水器水滴澆水Watereddown Waterfinder WaterFlag Waterflea Waterflood WaterFowl Waterfront WaterGap WaterGap WaterGauge WaterGlass Waterground WaterGuel WaterGuard WaterGun WaterHaCenter WaterHWaterInterContinental WaterHear WaterHy WaterMain水術水印水草甸西瓜西瓜水磨水莫卡辛水猴水摩托水仙水合水水烏澤爾水牛水漆水分離水管水手槍水飛機水車前草水污染水球水動力防水水脈衝水鼠水率防水防水防水水權水域水景水蠍分水嶺水射水邊水滑水水天水蛇水浸水軟化劑水溶性水狗水濺水龍捲水黽供水系統防水台水密水塔水管水蒸氣水車水波水道水道水草水輪水翼水女巫水廠水穿水瓦特瓦特瓦特瓦特瓦特瓦特瓦特瓦特瓦特瓦特瓦烏爾波波段波基波雲波形波形波前波前波導波長波長小波波力學波表波運動波動波波列波陷阱波波wawa wawf wawl 蠟蠟豆蠟莓蠟嘴蠟布蠟娃娃打蠟蠟蠟博物館蠟桃木蠟畫蠟棕櫚蠟紙蠟樹蠟草蠟翅蠟製品蠟之路運單路人路人路路路路路路站路停止路火車任性路路明智路路破舊路zgoose wb我們我們會我們' re we've wea weak weaken weakened weakening weakens weaker weakersex weakest weakfish weakheaded weakhear weaker weakersex weakest weakfish weak頭weakside weaksister weaktothewall weakwilled weal weald wealden wealth wealthfare wealthier wealthiest wealthy wean weaned weaner weaning weanling weans weapon weaponeer weaponry weapons weaponsystem wearonsystem wearon weaponeer weaponry weapons weaponsystem wearonsystem wear黃鼠狼黃鼠狼黃鼠狼黃鼠狼黃鼠狼黃鼠狼黃鼠狼黃鼠狼黃鼠狼黃鼠狼黃鼠狼黃鼠狼黃鼠狼黃鼠狼黃鼠狼黃鼠狼黃鼠狼黃鼠狼黃鼠狼黃鼠狼黃鼠狼黃鼠狼黃鼠狼黃鼠狼黃鼠狼黃鼠狼黃鼠狼黃鼠狼黃鼠狼黃鼠狼黃鼠狼黃鼠狼黃鼠狼黃鼠狼黃鼠狼黃鼠狼黃鼠狼黃鼠狼黃鼠狼黃鼠狼黃鼠狼黃鼠狼黃鼠狼黃鼠狼黃鼠狼黃鼠狼黃鼠狼黃鼠狼黃鼠狼黃鼠狼黃鼠狼黃鼠狼黃鼠狼鼠 -
2024-08-23 at 2:18 AM UTC
Originally posted by the man who put it in my hood
Introduction
Since the U.S. Congress passed the Combat Methamphetamine Epidemic Act in March of 2006, the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) Methamphetamine Profiling Program (MPP) has seen a shift away from pseudoephedrine and ephedrine-based large-scale clandestine laboratory production of methamphetamine. This shift was observed from forensic analyses using an established analytical protocol [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10] of numerous high quality methamphetamine samples obtained from U.S.-Mexico border and domestic seizures. Since that time, the forensic results tell a chemical story that revolves around the chemical precursor known as phenyl-2-propanone (P2P), and since approximately 2009, the MPP has been tracking a methamphetamine clandestine P2P laboratory process that uses a foul-smelling crystalline material known as phenylacetic acid (PAA). This precursor is difficult to buy clandestinely; therefore, an ester of PAA, usually ethyl phenylacetate (EtPA), a perfume-like smelling oil sold in 200 L containers, is purchased. This oil is very easily transformed into PAA using acid and base chemistry for the eventual production of P2P (Fig. 1). The two main recipes to convert PAA with modest yields into P2P are the Dakin-West reaction that uses acetic anhydride and sodium acetate as essential chemicals and the lead acetate reaction [11], [12]. The former reaction is heated for several hours producing a dark brown solution, which is then later distilled to obtain the P2P product. The latter reaction proceeds via a destructive distillation process using PAA and lead acetate, which are easily handled solid materials. The resulting P2P oil produced from both of these reactions is converted to methamphetamine using either an amalgam or Leuckart reductive amination process. Impurities related to these processes have been well studied and are now routinely monitored in high purity methamphetamine samples [13], [14], [15]. The key impurities from these processes are known as the B-compound (α-benzyl-N-methylphenethylamine) and the P-compound (trans-N-methyl-4-methyl-5-phenyl-4-penten-2-amine) and are used to track the PAA-based methamphetamine results [16], [17].
It appears that the perfume oil (EtPA), and other related ester and amide materials became less available, because an alternative P2P recipe started to emerge onto the forensic scene in 2014. At that time, a new impurity pattern was identified in the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses results for a significant portion of the seized samples. This led to uncertainty for the MPP, with a spike in unknown synthetic route assignments, and a sharp decrease (84%) in samples assigned to a P2P-based recipe in the first quarter of 2015 (Fig. 2). This new and unknown profile was quickly solved and P2P-based assignments went back to status quo (above 90%) in recent reporting periods, from 2016 to 2018. It should be noted that another forensic profiling team located in Australia has also observed this new profiling pattern in seized methamphetamine samples [18].
The old clandestine method responsible for the newly observed profiling pattern is referred to by the MPP as the nitrostyrene (NTS) method (it could also be called the nitropropene method). It uses benzaldehyde and nitroethane as the two key precursor chemicals in the process (Fig. 3). A Knoevenagel reaction resulting in NTS has long been known to produce a translucent, yellow solid (possibly orange if not enhancemented and dried well) as an easily managed intermediate in the first step of the method [19]. This solid is then converted to P2P in a harsh reaction using iron powder and hydrochloric acid [19], which leaves behind black solid iron sludge as waste. The P2P oil is then converted to methamphetamine using the same reductive amination chemistry as mentioned earlier for PAA-based methamphetamine.
Herein, we report forensic evidence that supports the recent P2P recipe change to be from the nitrostyrene method and will show the impact of this method on methamphetamine samples seized in the U.S.A. from 2015 to 2018.Solvents, chemicals, and materials
All chemicals and solvents used were reagent grade or better. Petroleum ether and dichloromethane were obtained from VWR Corp. (West Chester, PA).
Reagents utilized for the nitrostyrene synthesis to P2P included nitroethane, benzaldehyde, iron powder, and iron (III) chloride (all from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO), and hydrochloric acid (J.T. Baker, 36%) from Avantor Performance Materials Inc. (Center Valley, PA).
Reagents utilized for the mercury amalgam syntheses [20] of
Results and discussion
In the first step of the NTS method, either butylamine or cyclohexylamine are added in catalytic amounts to facilitate the Knoevenagel reaction process. These amines react nicely with benzaldehye to produce their corresponding imines, which then undergo carbon–carbon bond formation with the enolate of nitroethane. Elimination of the catalytic amines back into the reaction mixture results in nitrostyrene formation. These catalysts are therefore present as impurities in the reductive hydrolysis
Conclusions
The forensic identification and tracking of two new forensic NTS marker compounds 1 and 2 present at low levels in highly refined seized methamphetamine samples was discussed. These compounds were independently identified, synthesized, structurally elucidated, and then used as standards to support forensic analysis. A series of laboratory-generated samples using a variety of nitrostyrene and other related recipe choices were prepared and their profiling results compared well with actual seized
Acknowledgement
The authors are indebted to the DEA Office of Forensic Sciences for supporting this profiling work. -
2024-08-23 at 2:18 AM UTC
Originally posted by the man who put it in my hood 有機化學實驗室生存手冊
學生技術指南
詹姆斯·W·祖布里克
哈德遜谷社區學院
約翰威利父子公司 紐約 • 奇切斯特 • 布里斯班 • 多倫多 • 新加坡
版權所有 © 1984、1988，John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
版權所有。加拿大同步出版。
任何部分的複製或翻譯
這項工作超出了各節允許的範圍
1976 年美國版權法第 107 條和第 108 條
未經著作權人許可的行為
業主不合法。請求許可
或應將更多資訊發送至
John Wiley & Sons 的權限部門。
致辛迪
前言
第二版
聽到你的書被閱讀和喜歡，真是令人振奮，簡直涵蓋了
涵蓋從才華橫溢的高中理科生到
英語名譽教授。更高興聽到你
有機會根據上述評論改進這本書，
審稿人的評論以及與審稿人合作中獲得的經驗
文字.
在本版《有機化學實驗室生存手冊》中，有關以下內容的部分
筆記本和手冊已擴展到包括典型的筆記本
頁和實際手冊條目以及解釋。有新的
關於清潔和乾燥玻璃器皿的注意事項，以及如何找到好的重結晶器
化溶劑。一旦他們的樣品被純化，學生現在可以找到直接的
用托馬斯-胡佛裝置測定熔點。洗-
ing 被賦予了與提取同樣的重要性，但也有一些麻煩
斑點（以有機層的 pH 值為例）已被平滑。
還有關於使用外部來源的蒸汽蒸餾的附加說明
蒸汽。簡單的壓力計、應付漏氣、正確使用壓力計
壓力-溫度列線圖增強了真空蒸餾部分-
。已添加折射測量，以及（根據特殊要求）
關於萃取和蒸餾理論的部分，包括共沸物和
共沸蒸餾，我相信，克勞修斯蒸餾法的首次應用
Clapyron 方程式作為從拉烏爾定律（壓力和
摩爾分數）到相圖（溫度和摩爾分數）。
許多人對製作此版本的幫助值得讚揚：
我的學生們幫助我發現了上一版所缺少的內容，
Ronald Pohadsky 先生和 Barry Eggleston 先生提出了具體建議—
在實驗室工作時的系統蒸發散。特別感謝 G.J. 教授詹茲，
倫斯勒理工學院熔鹽資料中心主任
感謝他對本版物理化學部分的審閱，並
Henry Hollinger 教授和 A. Rauf Imam 教授在最初階段提供的幫助
該工作的各個階段。我還要感謝
威廉·愛潑斯坦
猶他大學
魯道夫·戈茨
密西根州立大學
viii 第二版前言
克萊莉亞·W·馬洛里
賓州大學
J·沃林斯基
普渡大學
感謝他們提出的寶貴意見與建議，使本版更加完善
對有機化學實驗室的學生有用。
最後，我要感謝 John 化學編輯 Dennis Sawicki 先生
首先是 Wiley & Sons，這是我收到的最好的生日禮物之一
其次，感謝他在某些方面的鼓勵、指導和耐心
準備此版本時遇到的麻煩點。 Dawn Reitz 女士，生產
主管、Ann Meader 女士、主管文案編輯和 Glenn 先生
文案編輯佩特里 (Petry) 帶來了第二篇文章，值得稱讚
版約.
J·W·祖布里克
哈德遜谷社區學院
1987 年 4 月 3 日
第一版序言
第十次描述實驗室未涵蓋的儀器
書，然後你寫一個程式。一遍又一遍地解釋操作
在書中，你會得到一組筆記。當這些產生問題時，你
修改直到學生（而不是你）最終做對為止。如果你相信的話
寫作是凝固的言語——具有相同的停頓，相同的節奏——然後
樣式已設定。如果你還能笑，你就寫了這本書。
本書介紹了有機化學實驗室的基本技術
重點是第一次就把工作做好。為此，
經常會提出可能出錯的例子並提出警告
為了防止最常見的錯誤，近乎令人憤慨。這是
相信進入不可能的經驗要困難得多
一旦學生被警告可能發生的事情，就會出現精神問題
那些。處理蒸餾、萃取等複雜操作
以一種簡單的方式，無論是在解釋或本質上
後續程序。
對於有關儀器技術的部分也可以這麼說
GC、IR、NMR 和 HPLC 的特性。 GC色譜技術
和 HPLC 的介紹是因為它們與薄層色譜和柱色譜有關
拉菲。光譜技術較少依賴實驗室操作
因此在與電子儀器的相似性方面提出了
GC 和 HPLC 技術（雙檢測器、HPLC 中的 UV 檢測等）。
對於所有技術，重點是正確的樣品製備和正確的
儀器操作。
許多人對編寫這本教科書的幫助值得讚揚。
距離這本書第一次寫成已經有幾年了，以下列出了
致謝訊息將接近小型電話簿的大小 -
有太多的好人需要直接感謝。
感謝那些鼓勵、幫助和建設性批評的人
製作一本更好的書，讓學生喜歡閱讀和學習。
我要感謝數百名忍受我的胡言亂語的學生，
咆哮、謾罵和貶低，從而教會了我它們是什麼
有機化學實驗室生存所需的知識。
特別感謝 C.W. Schimelpfenig 博士對許多人的鼓勵
那些年，沒有什麼，他們的評論使這些頁面增色不少； D.L.博士
卡森的評論也出現了，因為他對
x 第一版前言
推介會;博士。 R.A.貝利 (Bailey)、S.C. 邦斯 (S.C. Bunce) 與 H.B.霍林格為他們的
持續的支持和建議； Mark B. Freilich 博士，他的觀點
一位無機化學家在審查過程中證明了自己的價值；和
Sam Johnson 博士在本文的早期階段提供了巨大幫助
加工。我還要感謝克里斯多福‧J‧肯珀 (Christopher J. Kemper) 和基斯‧米勒 (Keith Miller)
對本書的樂器部分提出了寶貴的評論。
最後，我要感謝克利福德·W·米爾斯 (Clifford W. Mills)，他是我在 John Wiley & 的守護神。
兒子們，沒有他們的幫助，這一切都不可能實現，還有安德魯·E·福特，
Jr.，副總裁，在這條痛苦的道路上有一個非常有趣的開始
出版品.
關於風格的一些注意事項
常常會發現講師抱怨使用不當並抱怨
他們的學生除了寫一篇清晰、簡單、
英語交際句子。確實如此。但令我驚訝的是
同樣的人對又長又尷尬的被動語態感到舒服
浮誇的“我們”和笨拙的“一”，還有那個該死的“學生”，
留下練習作為證明。這些結構出現在
幾乎所有的科學文本都沒有產生清晰、簡單、溝通性的內容
生動的英文句子。學生確實可以透過以下方式學習寫作：
例子。
我不會刻意大膽地拆分不定式，也不會主動尋求
用來結束句子的介詞。然而僅透過這些構造，我可能會
有些人認為這會導致學生溝通能力的下降。
E.B.懷特，《風格元素》第二版（麥克米倫，
紐約，1972 年，第 14 頁。 70），寫道
幾年前，學生被警告不要以介係詞結尾句子
化;當然，時間已經軟化了這項嚴格的法令。不僅是
介詞可以放在最後，有時它更有效
地點比其他任何地方都多。 「他使用的工具是羊角錘，而不是斧頭。
謀殺了她。
他謀殺她的工具。
有些不定式似乎在分裂方面有所改進，就像一根圓棒一樣
爐木確實如此。 “我無法讓自己真正喜歡這個傢伙。”這
量刑從寬，意思明確，違法行為無害，
幾乎察覺不到。換句話說，句子變得生硬，需要──
不太正式。耳朵的問題。
我們都應該像懷特一樣寫得糟糕。
在 William Strunk 和 E.B.風格元素中的白色
以及威廉‧辛瑟 (William Zinsser) 的《論寫作》(Onwriting Well) 和魯道夫‧弗萊施 (Rudolph Flesch) 的《ABC》
風格和 D.L.卡森的評論出現在這本書中，我試圖
遵循最近在科學領域被忽視的技術交流的一些原則
文本：使用第一人稱，設身處地為讀者著想，並且，最好的
最後，使用主動語態和個人主詞。
xii 關於風格的一些註釋
以下產品名稱屬於各自的製造商。瑞吉斯-
此處酌情標明了特雷德商標；文中，符號為
省略。
康寧玻璃工廠，紐約州康寧
W.A. Hammond Drierite 公司，俄亥俄州 Xenia
費雪科學公司，賓州匹茲堡
貝克頓狄金森公司，盧瑟福，新
球衣
實驗室設備，馬薩諸塞州劍橋
密理博公司，馬薩諸塞州貝德福德
克勞福德配件公司，俄亥俄州索倫
E.I.杜邦德內穆爾公司，威爾明頓，
德拉瓦州
Variac® 通用無線電公司，麻薩諸塞州康科德
康寧®
Drierite®
Fisher-Johns®
Luer-Lok®
Mel-Temp®
密理博®
世偉洛克®
特氟龍®
前言
人們很少有機會閱讀和使用一本
完全有用，不需要替換和刪除。祖-
布里克的書就是為大學部有機學生提供的此類資源，
他們的實驗室講師和教授。我必須衷心推薦這個
本書適合任何參加有機化學第一門實驗課程的學生。
有機化學實驗室生存手冊充滿了以下內容的解釋：
必要的技術與先進技術的方式大致相同
Wiberg、Lowenthal、Newman 和 Gordon 的書籍中都有介紹
福特。在較大的大學中，《生存手冊》是以下內容的寶貴補充：
大多數實驗室手冊。它提供了許多畢業生的解釋
助教不會花時間上課。大多數教學
我熟人的助手很欣賞祖布里克的書，因為它支持
他們在背誦期間的討論（當每個學生都有個人副本時），
它刷新了他們對所學且必須通過的良好技術的記憶
面向新一代本科生。
本書面向本科生讀者。該資訊-
惡意語氣對大多數實驗室學生有吸引力。插圖很令人愉快。
使用不同類型的字體可以有效地強調。而且，祖布里克總是
解釋了為什麼特定的操作順序是必要的，以及如何
操縱和支持裝置和物質。這是一個確定的
力量。
這本書是一個進化的產物：在十年的時間裡，教授們
各大學和文理學院紛紛提出建議
微小的變化和改進。我認為自己很幸運能夠使用
先驅者，自 1973 年起出版。
收集了大量有用的信息，整理得井井有條，
並精心呈現。本書是名師之作。
《有機化學實驗室生存手冊》是我很久以來就知道的一本書。
處於不同發展階段的年數。隨著事情的進展，我
饒有興趣地看著吉姆·祖布里克努力在兩者之間取得平衡
僅僅傳達訊息——大多數書籍都是這樣做的——並傳達訊息
xiv 前言
有效地將訊息傳遞給人類受眾。一方面，吉姆
堅持他的書包含所有必要的科學細節；另一方面
另一方面，他也堅持有機化學實驗室的「如何做」書不需要
以枯燥且令人困惑的散文形式寫成，這些散文常常被當作語言
科學領域。這本書顯示他已經實現了這兩個目標
令人欽佩的時尚。
事實上，《生存手冊》非常成功地遵循了維根斯坦的理論
格言：「一切可以思考的事情，都可以清晰地思考。
凡是能說的都可以說清楚。
柯勒律治為了避免迂腐，所以只使用「適合於
時間、地點、同伴。
儘管有些讀者可能對這本書感到不滿，因為它是
不是，非典型地用典型期刊文章的語言表達，類似
當威廉·斯特倫克出版《元素》時，人們無疑也抱怨了
1919 年的風格。大多數其他寫作文本
當時的內容是用十九世紀複雜的語言寫成的，
它們所包含的材料主要由一系列神秘的做法組成，
禁忌與教條－－這一切都是為了把學生變成十八世紀的人
圖裡作家。
從斯特倫克的角度來看，這樣的文本對某些人來說並不理想。
主要原因。首先，他們給學生的藥物與
溝通過程本身；第二，和現在關係不大
實踐;第三，服藥非常困難，以至於無法治愈
患者的痛苦比疾病本身還要嚴重。
吉姆·祖布里克在這本書中證明，他和斯特倫克一樣明白，
在只有那些資訊的情況下，學習才能達到最大效率
提出的內容與完成特定任務直接相關。在一個
在充滿危險的環境中，這種效率變得更高
必要的。
《生存手冊》是一本優秀的書，因為它講述了讀者的心聲
需要。書中說，總是直接──儘管有時有點不敬
顯然，許多其他書籍只能以恭敬的間接方式來表達。
它永遠不會忘記時間很短或學習曲線在
第一的。文章通俗易懂，通俗易懂，得到很好的支持
透過大量與文字相關的插圖。它在技術上也是準確的
技術上完整，但它總是解釋實驗室技術問題
以一種旨在使學生在功能上易於理解的方式
情境.
所有這些與溝通效率相關的特徵都會自然而然地
前言 xv
努力使使用本書的實驗室變得更安全；改進後的
他們所提供的理解自然增強了本書的內容
強調和詳細的實驗室安全方法。
然而，最重要的是，《生存手冊》的所有元素都來自
共同關注以某種方式完成任務的重要性
這顯示作者意識到溝通確實
無法有效滿足受眾的需求只不過是迂腐
與時間、地點、公司不適應。
