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🍬🍬Candy~Land🍬🍬

2024-06-08 at 4:46 PM UTC
#681

CandyRein Black Hole

You’re welcome Mexican master race
2024-06-08 at 6:25 PM UTC
#682

the man who put it in my hood Black Hole

CVS Pharmacy reduced the amount of Dextromethorphan and Guaifenesin in their 4 oz Tussin DM cough formulation by half, and then doubled the recommended amount per dosage from 10 ml to 20 ml. The 8 oz bottle remains at previous concentration. The 4 oz bottle is now therapeutically equivalent to one-fourth of the usual 8 oz bottle. The 4oz bottle retails at $1.70/oz and the 8 oz bottle retails at $1.16/oz.
2024-06-08 at 9:22 PM UTC
#683

Instigator Space Nigga
The following users say it would be alright if the author of this post didn't die in a fire!
- Enigma
2024-06-08 at 9:24 PM UTC
#684

⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ Black Hole

Turd brownies.
2024-06-08 at 9:27 PM UTC
#685

the man who put it in my hood Black Hole

Originally posted by Instigator

wow, according to my AI priest this person clearly didn't read their bible very carefully.

Yes, the Bible has teachings that would suggest such actions are morally wrong. Here are some key points:

Respect for Others: The Bible emphasizes the importance of treating others with respect and love. Jesus taught the Golden Rule: "So in everything, do to others what you would have them do to you" (Matthew 7:12, NIV). Contaminating food with feces violates this principle by disrespecting and potentially harming others.

Purity and Cleanliness: The Bible contains numerous passages about the importance of purity and cleanliness. In the Old Testament, there are many laws regarding cleanliness and uncleanliness (see Leviticus 11-15). While these laws were specific to the Israelites, they reflect a broader biblical principle of maintaining cleanliness and purity.

Deception and Honesty: Deliberately putting feces in food without others' knowledge is deceptive. The Bible condemns deceit and emphasizes the importance of honesty: "The Lord detests lying lips, but he delights in people who are trustworthy" (Proverbs 12:22, NIV).

Harm to Others: The Bible teaches us to love our neighbors and not to cause harm. "Love does no harm to a neighbor. Therefore love is the fulfillment of the law" (Romans 13:10, NIV). Adding feces to food could potentially cause harm to those who consume it.

Repentance and Forgiveness: While the actions described are certainly wrong, the Bible also emphasizes repentance and the possibility of forgiveness. 1 John 1:9 (NIV) states, "If we confess our sins, he is faithful and just and will forgive us our sins and purify us from all unrighteousness." Admitting wrongdoing and seeking forgiveness is a key aspect of Christian teaching.

Given these biblical principles, it's clear that the actions described are contrary to the teachings of the Bible regarding how we should treat others, maintain purity, and act honestly and lovingly.
2024-06-08 at 11:03 PM UTC
#686

⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ Black Hole

In summary, to poop in other peoples' food (even your own) is a sin.
2024-06-09 at 2:39 AM UTC
#687

Narc Naturally Camouflaged [connect my yokel-like scolytidae]

Originally posted by Instigator

Are you the guy who used to dry out his cum, powder it, then drop little baggies of it on the floor in clubs?

.
2024-06-09 at 1:32 PM UTC
#688

the man who put it in my hood Black Hole

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CRD Individual Name

A
5429958 BARBARA JEAN ABADI
5251101 YOUSEF ABBASI
1879052 JOSEPH ABBONDANTE
5239825 JOANNA ABDELHADI
307 EMMETT MAURICE ABERCROMBIE
1610607 ANDREW MARTIN ABERN
4162073 JOSH RAY ABERNATHY
2987570 EUGENE GILBERT ABEYTA, JR
4311057 ANTHONY RICHARD ABNER
2733649 MAURICE WAYNE ABNEY
3273075 AMR MOSTAFA ABOULMAGD
6140331 CRYSTAL DAWN ABRAHAM
4412506 SEYMOUR ISAAC ABRAMOWITZ
4661358 LISA ACCA
4936501 SALVATORE ACCARDI
2508321 GIOVANNI L ACEVEDO
6535283 MARIA ELENA ACEVEDO
4449836 BRET MICHAEL ACKERMAN
1580808 MARVIN ACKERMAN
1149303 STEPHEN ROBERT ACKLEY
5264694 CHAD E ACKZEN
6738058 Fernando Enrique Acosta
6531648 FRANCIS KEYLA ACOSTA
4440729 JAMES PATRICK ACOSTA
4419505 JASON ACOSTA
4770756 SANDRA R ACREE
1429736 ROBERT CHRISTIAN ACRI
3237599 MAURICIO ACUNA
1192587 GREGORY ADAMO
2016233 JOSEPH JAMES ADAMO
4135862 FRANK SLATES ADAMS, III
1631898 BARRY LEE ADAMS
867706 BRADLEY PAUL ADAMS
3180366 DARREN RAY ADAMS
1450961 DAVID STEPHEN ADAMS
4149381 JAESON ERICH ADAMS
2833013 JEFFREY CLYDE ADAMS
4606998 KEVIN ERIK ADAMS
2973741 RASHEED AREE ADAMS
2733333 RICHARD ALLEN ADAMS
2896069 RICHARD JUAN ADAMS
5510273 RYAN KIMBALL ADAMS
5411560 STEPHEN ROBERT ADAMS
4129723 Tracy Adams
4608530 GORDON W. ADAMSON
1592822 RAYMOND DICKIE ADCOCK
2641975 BRYAN LEE ADDINGTON
2638760 JEFFREY LEONARD ADELL
2992185 DEBRA JEAN ADER
2292310 MICHAEL ADINOVICH
1880173 JAMES RICHARD ADKINS
3175612 IRVING LOUIS ADLER
2972717 REGINA BALANLAY ADORA
4158129 HUMBERTO DANIEL ADVINCULA
5129822 MITZIE A AGARD
4974222 KWASI MENSAH AGGOR
854773 RICHARD GARY AGRAN
5343999 SAMARTH AGRAWAL
5640727 JUAN ALFREDO AGUILAR
5770949 MARIO H AGUILAR
5663204 MIGUEL ANGEL AGUILAR
6125908 STEVEN ANGELO AGUILAR
2661001 MICHAEL JOHN AHEARN
2983399 JAMES JOSEPH AHMANN
2404244 FUAD AHMED
5532259 NAASON AHUMADA
1994 BENJAMIN GLASSER AIBEL
4558740 ROBERT RUSSELL AIKENS
5360407 JARED EVAN AILSTOCK
5675154 EMMANUEL OLUFEMI AJAYI
4050242 JOHAN MARY-LYN AKAL
5690198 SCOTT AKASHI
3108018 DON JACKSON AKIN
4315718 KENNY AKINFOLARIN AKINDEMOWO
4552640 SHANOA ADRIANNE ROSE AKINS
5159766 THADDEUS EDEM AKLOYO
4148915 ROBERT JOSEPH ALANIZ
4182760 JUAN CARLOS ALB
4680317 JOSE ANTONIO ALBA
2662411 GLEN WILLIAM ALBANESE
6234333 Michael P Albarella
1067662 JOSEPH RICHARD ALBERS
6589844 Christina Albert
2213211 JONNIE LAYNE ALBIN
2035269 JAMES JOEL ALBRIGHT, JR
3183199 MARKEL TARON ALBRITTON
3064806 MILTON ALBUQUERQUE
5258443 SALVADOR G ALCALA
2983730 SCOTT PATRICK ALCUS
3027749 RICHARD JOSEPH ALDERMAN, JR
4108723 JUAN C. ALEJOS
1755471 RAYMOND FRANCIS ALEKSEY
6732188 RUBEN GERARDO ALEMAN ESCALANTE
5510223 ARMANDO R. ALEMAN
1615360 HARRY A ALESSI, IV
2724252 DAMIEN PAYMAN ALEXANDER
6044480 EVAN CHRISTOPHER ALEXANDER
2760 JACK ASBURY ALEXANDER
5020883 MICHAEL ALLEN ALEXANDER
6116172 RYAN GORDON ALEXANDER
4437162 STEVEN PRESTON ALEXANDER
3273969 TERRENCE THOMAS ALEXANDER
2701389 LAWRENCE JOSEPH ALFANO
4049120 BRIAN KEITH ALFARO
7609272 GABRIELA CHANEL ALFARO
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2625120 DOUGLAS ALFIERI
3064116 PEDRO JULIO ALFONSECA, JR.
6817711 Cesar Ricardo Alfonzo
2135500 RANDY LAMAR ALFORD
2445460 ROBERTO ALFORD
500332 DONALD CHARLES ALGER
2938087 JOSEPH VICTOR ALHADEFF
3063988 JOSEPH ALI
4833349 MOHAMMED KARIUKI ALI
6549579 MONA ALI
5205635 VIRGINIA E ALI
6126120 ALEN ALIC
5774330 DIMITRIS ALIFRAGIS
4943780 ENVER RAHMAN ALIJAJ
3274506 MUSTAPHA YOUSSEF ALJAROUDI
2019226 SAVAS ZAFER ALKOC
2621727 JAMES WAYNE ALLDREDGE
2171324 BRIAN JOSEPH ALLEN, SR.
5515997 BILLY WAYNE ALLEN
2666395 JAMES CHARLES ALLEN
2574350 KENNETH RONALD ALLEN
1763329 MARK DAVID ALLEN
3075257 NICOLE YVETTE ALLEN
2925054 RAY ANTHONY ALLEN
1689767 SUSAN JANE ALLEN
3051774 TERRISA MARIE ALLEN
2348806 TIMOTHY LUKE ALLEN
1344149 WALTER MORROW ALLEN
5305728 DION ANTHONY ALLISON
5265234 KELLYE C. ALLISON
6021970 LEEANN VICKIE ALLISON
2245162 ALFRED MIRZA ALLOS
5408119 EMILY MAUREEN ALLRED
5092387 BRANDON C ALLSUP
3141791 LAURIE SUE ALMACK
1176134 GILBERT LOUIS ALMADA
4447869 JEREMY STEVEN ALMQUIST
6294694 RICARDO ALONZO, JR
2862178 Mercy J Alpert
5644156 Renee Valerie Altamirano
2666723 KELLY CLAYTON ALTHAR
5547881 LENA MICHELLE ALTMAN
1961149 FREDRICK RAYMOND ALTVATER
6890579 ARELY J ALVAREZ
4499192 CHARLES IGNACIO ALVAREZ
2724763 DOMINIC ALEX ALVAREZ
5571844 EDWIN ALVAREZ
6126780 MARICELA ALVAREZ
4375595 RODOLFO ALVAREZ
5844392 MELISSA LYNN ALVERIO
3086395 THEODORE SANIDAD ALVIA
6414709 JESUS JOSE ALVIDREZ
2582497 EMAD AMIN ALWAN
4710052 MAJIED AD ALZID
2213067 PETER KENNETH AMAN
2710334 OMAR SHARIF AMANAT
4440980 JUSTIN AMARAL
2927679 ANTONIO AMBROSIO
2225040 JEFFREY MARK AMBROSIO
5732488 Joseph A Ambrosole
4185840 AMY MARIE AMBURN
2627838 DODZI KOMLA AMENU
5083580 DEBORAH ANNE AMES
2975952 CARLA N AMIEIRO
1576068 LABIB AMIRALSHARIF
2121350 HOSSEIN AMIRRIAHEI
6069392 KENNEDY KWABENA AMOFA
1502074 JOHN JOSEPH AMORE
1177946 MATTHEW PHILIP AMOS
4728125 JOSEPH STANLEY AMUNDSEN
5160369 DEVIN R ANAND
4632532 ABIGAIL RUBIO ANCHETA
2468059 LEONAIDA A ANCHETATORRES
5776082 STEPHEN R ANDERS
2872133 ANDRE ANDERSON, SR
5361159 AARON DEAN ANDERSON
4243107 ALEX P. ANDERSON
4791069 ANDY JAMES ANDERSON
4006436 ARTHUR A ANDERSON
2283955 BRIAN DOUGLAS ANDERSON
3116269 BRYAN WAYNE ANDERSON
4989688 CHAD MICHAEL ANDERSON
4799519 CHRISTOPHER LAWRENCE ANDERSON
2204878 DANA REECE ANDERSON
3210057 DAVID ARTHUR ALBERT ANDERSON
4933936 DAVID STEVEN ANDERSON
1127707 EUGENE DONALD ANDERSON
2113685 GREGORY WYLEN ANDERSON
4803514 JAMES F. ANDERSON
6034985 JASON J ANDERSON
4326656 JEFFREY JON ANDERSON
2285320 JEFFREY LEE ANDERSON
5993214 JEFFREY SCOTT ANDERSON
5335694 JOHN MARK ANDERSON
6389728 JUSTIN ALLEN ANDERSON
1837799 KEITH M ANDERSON
5065346 MONICA NICOLE ANDERSON
1984629 RENE CARLOS ANDERSON
4684930 TERRI LYNN ANDERSON
2218049 THOMAS WILLIAM ANDERSON
1896352 TODD RAY ANDERSON
5640 WARD BYRON ANDERSON
2709918 JANE MARIE ANDRASHIE
2936298 ANTOINE ANDRE
6196235 ALISON NICOLE ANDREWS
4121976 CAROLYN MARIE ANDREWS
1717820 JOHN MICHAEL ANDREWS
2089621 KEITH JACOB ANDREWS
1992069 KEVIN SHAWN ANDREWS
4587953 THOMAS EDWARD ANDREWS
6491985 VAUGHN LEE ANDREWS-MCKAY
2371705 ROBERTA I ANDRINA
1872187 BRYAN WESLEY ANDRZEjediSKI
5307459 ALEXANDER ANDUJAR
5391037 GREGORY MORGAN ANGELILLO
1552444 MOLLY K ANGELO
2792191 JOHN PAUL ANGELONE
2670988 MORRIS ANGELOU
811495 ROBERT THOMSON ANGLE
3171868 RONALD GENE ANGLIN
2221337 MAYRA JEANETTE ANGULO
2245120 NOEL MENDOZA ANONUEVO
2356706 HARRY MICHAEL ANTHONY
2596275 KIMBERLY GALLOPS ANTHONY
2955420 PETER T ANTIPATIS
3215807 DOMINIC ANTONUCCI
713649 JOSEPH JOHN ANTOSH, JR
1604427 CHARLES WILLIAM APODACA
1595927 NICHOLAS APODIAKOS
4211338 CARLOS APONTE, JR.
1026798 DAVID APPEL
500336 ALAN ZELIG APPELBAUM
6661 LEIGHTON DAVID APPLEFELD
6991143 SOLOMON APPREY
2431669 ANTHONY JAMES APUZZO
1130803 FRANK CARMEN AQUILA
2851934 NICOLAS ESTEBAN ARANGO
1649069 DONALD PAUL ARANT, SR
5625392 LEONARDO S ARAUJO
4737140 NATHAN PAUL ARAUJO
4610869 HERNAN ESTEBAN ARBIZU
6804747 Holly Florence Arbuckle
4781588 DONOVAN ARCHER
6890 JOHN THOMAS ARCHER
1979672 LONZO ARCHER
6125762 KIRK ERIC ARCHIBALD
5701306 MICHAEL ARCHIMEDE
2200431 DANIEL JOSEPH ARCURI, JR
5837571 JAMES KENNETH ARD
1598393 RUSHTON LEIGH ARDREY, III
5757952 FELIPE ARELLANO
2560324 RICHARD JOSEPH ARENA, JR
826440 LOUIS PATRICK ARENA
1083897 THOMAS MICHAEL ARETZ
5884590 FERNANDO L AREVALO
4418605 STEVEN JOHN ARGO
2518033 ALBERTO ENRIQUE ARGOMANIZ
4335211 LUIS ARGUELLES
4556162 MAXI JOEL ARIAS
2957096 CHRISTOPHER B ARIOLA
2927350 JOSE ANGEL ARIZMENDI
2877644 SHAWN PAUL ARLAUCKAS
4993347 IVAN ARMAS
3117506 JOSEPH E ARMENTA
1213772 MICHAEL EDWARD ARMENTROUT
1037854 JOHN GRANT ARMISTEAD, III
1041078 GARY THOMAS ARMITAGE
2729805 STANLEY CRAWFORD ARMOUR
6124102 AARON CARTER ARMSTRONG
4592423 LANCE ROMAN ARMSTRONG
5293387 CRISTIANO G.M.C. ARNDT
2606096 CATHERINE ELIZABETH ARNETT
7458 JOHN HUTCHISON ARNETTE
2643104 ANDREW PAUL ARNO
5908774 CHRISTOPHER ROBERT ARNOLD
4192536 DEBBIE SUE ARNOLD
2550256 JACK ALEXANDER ARNOLD
4551033 JORDAN ANNE ARNOLD
6308181 MATTHEW JOHN ARNOLD
2278472 PAUL DAVID ARNOLD
1817656 ROBERT PAUL ARNOLD
5284151 ROGER LEE ARNOLD
4664318 STEVEN ROBERT ARON
5443201 GAUTAM ARORA
6212050 JONATHAN ARROYO
4163052 JOSE A ARTETA
6249211 JARED CODY ARTHO
1864083 ANDREW MARKMAN ARTHUR
6440268 KERBYE ARTHUR
2374368 HERIBERTO AMERICO ARTIGA, SR
1991130 CHRISTOPHER JOSEPH ARTS
1324218 LORIANN ARTZBERGER
4209245 HILDA ASENCIO
1148811 MANUEL PETER ASENSIO
4096004 KEITH TODD ASHLEY
867625 ELIAS EMILE ASHOOH
5794420 BRETT ALEXANDER ASHY
5172158 GENE MICHAEL ASKINS
2849493 MICHAEL JOHN ASSENZA
5137579 MARCELO L ASSIS
3165470 WILLIAM NICHOLAS ATHAS
2589195 PROSPERO ATIENZA, JR
6348394 Lorenzo Atkins
1438065 JAMES RAY ATRAT
1132472 RYAN JERRY ATTENSON
1208702 CHARLES EDWARD ATWELL
2540982 BRENT ALLEN ATWOOD
3197843 DIONNE MARIA AUBERT
2053214 JOHN DOUGLAS AUDIFFEREN
708942 JOEL ARNOLD AUGUST
6874949 Robin Auguste
1081795 TARRANT MCCUTCHEN AUGUSTINE
4608307 CHING Y AUL, MR.
4890774 RAMNIK SINGH AULAKH
1798015 RICKY DARNELL AUSBON
5481214 AARON L AUSTIN
6702519 David Austin
5803618 PHILLIP K AUSTIN
5262341 TODD AUSTIN
2089448 OPIE BLAND AUTEN
7331393 Brandon Autiero
1606802 MICHAEL AVELLA, JR
4955956 MEIEWYN CLARYSE AVENT
2005765 COLLEEN ANNE AVERILL
1101660 James Arther Avery
4766216 KERRI LYNN AVERY
4192196 TAAL ALEXANDER AVIAD
4341162 RAFAEL ERNESTO AVILA
1949853 ALBERT LUIS AVILES
4943291 ANGEL MANUEL AVILES
5845463 DAVID CHRISTOPHER AWAD
9148 MICHAEL GERARDY AWES
9164 MICHAEL LEWIS AXEL
2467912 EDWIN AYALA
2197712 DENNIS O AYERS
6599784 Jennifer Ann Ayers
1127162 JOSEPH KESL AYLWARD
5365176 DENNIS PHILLIP AYRE
4798445 MASOOD HUSAIN AZAD
5880708 KAMRAN AZIM
1721932 SAM AZIZ
2446677 JOSEPH JOHN AZZATA

B
1276193 WILLIAM CECIL BABB, III
6123929 CHRISTOPHER BRYAN BABBITT
5004907 CHRISTOPHER SOMES BABCOCK
4617436 RICHARD WENDELL BABICH
5387332 MALCOLM J BABIN
2103727 THOMAS MACAULAY BABINGTON, JR
2376943 MICHAEL BABYAK JR, II
1011097 RICHARD HANS BACH
1033017 LOUIS JOSEPH BACHER, JR
5261603 BRETT E BACKERMAN
2022409 JEFFREY LYLE BACLET
4064268 JOHN ROBERT BACON
1957919 THOMAS DEAN BADE
5902742 ZACHARY T. BADER
6087170 TREVOR EVAN BAER
3201089 PHILIP BAGALANON
4194351 ED BAGAPORO
3178716 MARIO BAGO
10084 WOODLEY HANNON BAGWELL
4465228 JEREMY BRIAN BAGWILL
6067377 AMADOU BAH
5136334 MICHAEL BAHAR
1569518 TERRY DEAN BAHGAT
10092 MILES ARTHUR BAHL
859930 WILLIAM MILTON BAHR
5135311 IGNACIO ANDRES BAIGORRIA
7096388 Imani L Bailey
1756858 JERRY DON BAILEY
4608681 JOSEPH DALYN BAILEY
4944448 KENIA BAILEY
6521977 MICHAEL GEORGE BAILEY
4163297 RICHARD EUGENE BAILEY
5400845 SHERETTA A BAILEY
3097243 DAMIAN MARK BAIRD
6501692 WESSAM BAIZ
4873334 AIDA BAKAMOVIC
3153629 DONALD L BAKER, II
5394639 ANDREW CHARLES BAKER
10600 CHARLES RONALD BAKER
1639374 CHRISTIAN WEEKLEY BAKER
4493790 DEAN RUSSEL BAKER
3214470 FRANK BAKER
4920460 HEATHER JOY BAKER
6623314 JESSE BAKER
6463146 JOSHUA GREGORY BAKER
2215803 MICHAEL GLENN BAKER
2565823 MICHAEL JEFFREY BAKER
2885880 MOHAMED BAKSH
5523079 SARAVANA RAM BALAKRISHNAN
2251085 TAMI SUSAN BALAS
5165930 SHONDEEP SAJAN BALCHANDANI
2402939 JOHN JOSEPH BALDECK
2917763 JAMES KIRK BALDI
5381450 HEIDI JO BALDRIDGE
2976766 TROY CHRISTOPHER BALDRIDGE
4281564 SHAWN DERRICK BALDWIN, MR.
1856003 GREGORY ALLEN BALDWIN
11239 LARRY THOMAS BALENTINE
1174731 ROBERT SCOTT BALES
2988526 JOHN VINCENT BALLARD
2252282 ROGER DEAN BALLARD
1073181 TIMOTHY DAVID BALLARD
1652114 ROBERT IRA BALLON
6853439 JASON LEE BALLOR
857771 STEVEN JOHN BALOG
2084901 VITO JAMES BALSAMO
704053 KEN ALAN BALSER
2570499 CHRIST ELIAS BALTAS
1863517 KEVIN SETH BALTIMORE
2660922 JOHN PATRICK BAMBER
4534394 JOE RUSSELL BANCROFT
11715 JAMES CARLOS BANDA
11744 DARLENE KAY BANDY
4172393 ARNAB BANERJEE
5088782 GREGORY HUNTER BANG
5917243 MICHAEL BANJANY
2744671 DARYL GENE BANK
2133170 JEFFREY BANKS
4909350 ROBERT LEE BANKS
1062813 JOHN MICHAEL BANNON
6648369 SARAH LEANNE BANON
6376630 ROHIT BANSAL
5706315 JOSE L BANUELOS
6308317 NEDJEEN BAPTISTE
2690190 FRED BARAM
4921433 CHAD RYAN BARANCYK
2317724 ARNOLD BARATZ
4171149 EMILY BOTELHO BARAZI
4460674 BRETT REED BARBER
3095959 BRUCE PAGE BARBER
3102983 CHRISTOPHER LAYNE BARBER
1165082 DAVID LLOYD BARBER
5647121 STEVEN NEIL BARBOT
5084096 KALOIAN IVANOV BARBUKOV
4394074 ANGELO BARCELO, III
2447501 ROBERT GLENN BARD
4650925 SANDEEP BARDIA
2815723 SAWSAN ANIS BARDISSI
4075146 HENRY CARL BAREFIELD
5710454 JOAN LUND BARERE
3243595 BRIAN COLEMAN BARGE
6674648 Kelley Macon Barham, Jr
2748877 JAMES LOUIS BARI
1255255 ANTHONY HAROLD BARKATE
2474154 RANDALL C. BARKER
4754577 SCOTT DEE BARKER
5980820 DEVIN BARKLEY
6372903 MATTHEW GARY BARKS
5012726 JUSTIN MATTHEW BARLUP
4245309 SAMUEL SHMUEL BARMAPOV
5653949 DONNA LYNN BARNARD
1342721 REBECCA SUSAN BARNARD
5504882 Robert Barnard
4656593 DAMON LEE BARNES
2292179 LEVINSKI DEALEXIS BARNES
4577695 ALONZA BARNETT, JR
3132151 SALLEE JO BARNETT
4162879 ROMANO J. BARNEY
3071033 CINDY SUE BARNHART
3099928 GARY SCOTT BARNHILL, SR
2450380 ERIK ANTONY BARON
2108213 JEFFREY JOSEPH BARON
3093975 STUART DAVID BARON
2032268 CHRISTOPHER RICHARD BARONE
5002855 ADRIAN ROBERT BARR
5103543 LYDIA BERTHA BARRAZA
1789580 DANIEL FORREST BARRETT
5441006 JOEL BARRETT
4748518 JOHN KEVIN BARRETT
1088520 JAMES ISAAC BARRICK, III
4761986 TABOR ALAN BARRICK
1022433 DIANE LOUISE BARRIGA
2122824 NICOLAS JESUS BARRIOS
3103134 KERRY DEXTER BARRIS
1020898 VAL U BARRUTIA
1377935 DONALD ANDREW BARTELT
3122838 ALAN EDMUND BARTHOLEMY, JR
3211860 SCOTT ANTHONY BARTLETT
5405555 JEVON WILLIAM BARTLEY
1077607 WILLIAM ROSS BARTO
6908590 Thomas Patrick Barton, III
5884591 JOSHUA M BARTON
718185 JOSEPH FRANCIS BARTOSIEWICZ, JR
4805130 NATHAN D BARTOW
2104489 RONALD G BARTSCH
5077566 JEFFREY DANIEL BASFORD
3218720 EDWARD DEE BASHAM
2239782 DONNY MENASHE BASHKIN
4025062 INNA BASIEVA
2392772 ROBERT LEE BASILE
5713753 DONNA A BASKERVILLE
4388378 EDDIE BASORA, JR.
2990346 BILAL BASRAI
14385 GARY JOHN BASRALIAN
1165415 JUDY DAVIS BASS
2913362 JAMES LEE BASSA, JR
6015424 MICHAEL ANTHONY BASTARDI
5511706 ERIC MICHAEL BASTARDO
6570886 ROBERTO OMAR BASTARDO
5257073 LOUISE M BATCHELOR
2124129 ALEX ERNESTO BATLLE
2171601 MARTIN DAVID BATSTONE
6229734 LUCIANO ANDRES BATTIOLI
4652820 SAMMY BATTISTA
6015345 LARRY DIANTE BATTISTE
3187137 DAVID HARRY, MICHAEL BAUDO
2552478 GREGORY RUSSEL BAUER
1902320 JAMES PATRICK BAUER
2087276 ANDREW WILLIAM BAUM
5407548 DIANNE MARIE BAUM
5007841 JON JOSEPH BAUMAN
2837559 RICHARD ANDREW BAUMEL
4684408 CONSTANCE MULHERIN BAUMGARN
5025273 NICHOLAS ANTHONY BAUMGARTNER
1582353 CONRAD TAMBALO BAUTISTA
1137366 PHIL DAVID BAUTZ
4515485 KYLE LEON BAXTER
2990440 JOHN MICHAEL BAYER
4324630 KY NIGEL BAYLOR
4065458 VICKI DONNA BEALMAN
6481178 BRIDGETT ELIZABETH BEARD
6757771 SAMANTHA CHRISTINE BEASLEY
2934785 CHARLES ANDREW BEAUCOND, III
4489715 DANIEL EDWARD BECERRIL, II
1064989 KENNETH BRUCE BECK
3048844 PETER BECK
5550802 STEVEN P BECK
1491140 DONALD SHERMAN BECKER
4323217 MICHAEL JOSEPH BECKER
2706294 RANDALL TODD BECKER
2084248 SHEPARD ROY BECKER
4363085 STEPHANIE ANN BECKER
16443 WALTER J BECKER
3195313 CISLYN LOUISE BECKFORD
4674899 SHAWN AARON BEDFORD
3111079 LOUIS WILLIAM BEDINOTTI
5664392 RHETT DOUGLAS BEDWELL
6331074 TIFFANY DAWN BEE
2231851 MICHAEL DOUGLAS BEEBE
2248923 GREGG ALAN BEEMER
717043 HANS NORMAN BEERBAUM
1172038 DONNA KAY BEERS
5837978 CHRISTOPHER BEGHTEL
1876563 BRIAN JOSEPH BEGOS
2376641 SAMUEL JAY BEGUN
4401272 MICHAEL CLARK BEHREND
1246183 BRYAN SCOTT BEHRENS
2986562 ROBERT JOHN BEIHOFF
1982417 LLOYD SYLVESTER MARTIN BEIRNE
5431139 EMA BEKIROVIK
5870019 JASON MICHAEL BELAJACK
5221927 ADAM GERARD BELARDINO
2035064 BRIAN THOMAS BELDYK
2707354 ANASTASIOS P BELESIS
4860444 GEORGE BELESIS
2700118 HURSON BELIZAIRE, JR
6168292 WILBERT NORMAN BELIZAIRE, JR
4495421 FRANCIOS WOLFFE BELIZAIRE
3176804 HENRY BELKIN
1055210 KENWYN JOHN BELKOT
5316645 ERIN MICHELLE BELL
2191634 KENNETH RAY BELL
2065556 RICKY EUGENE BELL
1204847 ORVILLE DALE BELLAMY
4422333 BARRY LEE BELLAN
1557140 MANUEL MARTIN BELLO
6974662 CYNTERA ANN BELSER
2271077 RAYMOND JOHN BELSKI
1759651 RANDY LEE BELTRAMEA
6056976 VLADIMIR BELYAEV
1616847 RODNEY LYNN BELZER
2980331 RONNIE BEN-ARON
2579528 CHARLES LEWIS BENDER, III
1374304 BROOKES MCINTOSH BENDETSEN
1061911 ROSEMARY BENELLI
5607996 CAROL J BENGE
2851516 JEFFERY BENJAMIN
6152653 Jermaine K Benjamin
6231794 MICHAEL W BENJAMIN
4489423 MICHAEL J BENN
2254995 WESLEY ARTHUR BENNETT, JR
2510231 CHRISTOPHER DUKE BENNETT
1567051 DAWN BENNETT
5213257 ELIJAH DEAN BENNETT
2395555 HARRY COLON BENNETT
2283625 JOHN AUSTIN BENNETT
3219787 MICHELLE R BENNETT
2663117 PATRICIA ANN BENNETT
1610642 RALPH EARL BENNETT
4600005 REGINALD CHARLES BENNETT
5890347 STEFANI ANN BENNETT
2002792 ROBERT MARK BENNING
18463 CLYDE ALLEN BENNINGHOFF
807506 BRYAN EDWIN BENSON
5581873 MAURICE ELYEZER BENSOUSSAN
1306247 RADCLIFFE ST AUBYN BENT
2169897 JOSEPH DANIEL BENTER
4636923 NICHOLAS P BENTIVEGNA
2709062 CAMERON MICHAEL BENTON
1428919 ROBERT LAWRENCE BENTON
1548330 PAUL JOSEPH BENZ
6568650 FLORJAN BEQO
5103672 JON MURAT BERET
6695171 Tonia Renee Berg
3208127 BRIAN MICHAEL BERGER
2284367 HOWARD BRETT BERGER
5535698 JOSEPH C BERGERON
6745156 Joseph Charles Berghausen
5630238 BRITNEY L BERGUM
19421 MARTIN MARVIN BERK
2308190 JAY STUART BERKMAN
19483 MALCOLM JAY BERKO
4787371 BRIAN SETH BERKOWICZ
19495 DAVID MELVILLE BERKOWITZ
4251362 GREGG ARNOLD BERLIN
2413745 GARY IRVING BERMAN
7127759 Matthew Tyler Berman
5526970 REED FRANCIS BERMINGHAM
818057 CHARLES THOMAS BERNARDO, SR
2535421 BARBARAANN BERNATZKY
5651609 AMANDA YVONNE BERRY
1300104 CHARLES WAYNE BERRY
2024-06-09 at 6:58 PM UTC
#689

the man who put it in my hood Black Hole
2024-06-10 at 12:13 AM UTC
#690

the man who put it in my hood Black Hole

mAFucjka
2024-06-10 at 12:56 PM UTC
#691

the man who put it in my hood Black Hole

WESTERN UNION C
WESTERN UNION
TELEGRAM
3300
Time F
CLASS OF SERVICE DESIRED
Fast Day Message
Day Letter
Night Message
Night Letter
Patrons should, Xp
OTHERWISE THE TELEGRAM WILL BE TRANSMITTED AS A FAST DAY MESSAGE
858
Send the following telegram, subject to the terms on back hereof, which are hereby agreed to
GERMAN LEGATION
NEWCOME CARLTON, PRESIDENT
69
via Galvestonavi
JAN 19 1917
MEXICO CITY
130
13042
13401
8501
115
3528 416 17214 6491 11310
18147
18222
21560
10247
98092
5905 11311
10392
17504 11209
18276
10371 18101
11518 23677 13605 3494 14936 0302 21290 5161 39695
0317
862.20212/T2A
23571 0228 17694 4473 23284 22200 19452 21589 67893 5569 13918 8958 12137 1333 4725 4458 5905 17166 13851 4458 17149 14471 6706 13850 12224 6929 14991 7382 15857 67893 14218 36477FROM 2nd from London # 5747.

"We intend to begin on the first of February unrestricted submarine warfare.
We shall endeavor in spite of this to keep the United States of America neutral.
In the event of this not succeeding, we make Mexico a proposal of alliance on the
following basis: make war together, make peace together, generous financial support
and an understanding on our part that Mexico is to reconquer the lost territory in
Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. The settlement in detail is left to you.
You will inform the President of the above most secretly as soon as the outbreak
of war with the United States of America is certain and add the suggestion that he
should, on his own initiative, invite Japan to immediate adherence and at the same
time mediate between Japan and ourselves.

Please call the President's attention to the fact that the ruthless employment of
our submarines now offers the prospect of compelling England in a few months to
make peace.

Signed, ZIMMERMANN."
2024-06-13 at 2:06 AM UTC
#692

the man who put it in my hood Black Hole

Aum Shinrikyo has been designated a foreign terrorist group by the U.S.
Department of State. The group has an apocalyptic belief structure in
which the world is divided into two opposing forces—good and evil.
Members of such movements view themselves as unappreciated avatars
of a new world order and as a disenfranchised minority currently being
persecuted by the powers of evil in the world today. Group leaders like
Shoko Asahara firmly believe they will prevail after the apocalypse and
are motivated to trigger the apocalypse because their own salvation
depends upon fighting the final conflict and eradicating the enemy. The
leadership of these movements often relies on a charismatic hold on their
members for their authority and encourages the perception of them as
messianic. Sometimes the belief system exercises very tight control over
the daily lives of their membership, isolating them from normal social
interactions. This further encourages their belief that they are
unconstrained by normal social and legal norms.
6
RAND Project AIR FORCE
Aum Leader’s Beliefs Shaped Group’s
Worldview
• Shoko Asahara prophesied about nuclear war
• He preached that Aum followers would be the only
survivors of a coming Armageddon
• Asahara believed that Japan was doomed and that
a U.S.-Japanese nuclear war would trigger
Armageddon
Aum leader Shoko Asahara was obsessed with the prospect of nuclear
war. He preached that Aum followers would be the only survivors of a
coming Armageddon. There is much evidence that Asahara’s obsession
with nuclear weapons formed the foundation for all of his actions related
to these weapons. He published several “symposia” during his time as
leader in which he made statements about surviving a nuclear holocaust.
Asahara initially tried to gain power peacefully through nonviolent means
by preaching enlightenment through yoga and meditation. He altered
these views following Aum’s poor showing in the 1990 Japanese general
election. Shortly after this political failure, Asahara began viewing
Japanese and Western society as the enemy and advocated pursuing
violent means to bring about Armageddon.2 More broadly, Asahara
believed that the arrival of nuclear war would trigger the final struggle
between good and evil—involving the entire earth. He believed that Japan
was doomed and that a U.S.-Japanese nuclear war would trigger
Armageddon. He prophesied that in 1996 the United States would strike
Japan with “nuclear warheads loaded with atomic or hydrogen bombs.”
____________
2 Daniel Metraux, Aum Shinrikyo and Japanese Youth, Lanham, Md.: University Press of
America, 1999, pp. 30–36.
7
Aum’s internal structure mirrored the Japanese government because the
cult planned to take over Japan following Armageddon.3
____________
3 Robert Jay Lifton, Destroying the World to Save It: Aum Shinrikyo, Apocalyptic Violence, and
the New Global Terrorism, New York: Henry Holt and Co., 1999, pp. 194, 199.
8
RAND Project AIR FORCE
Historical Consciousness, Popular Culture
Also Played a Role
• Asahara’s beliefs resonated with followers for two
reasons:
− Reaction to the Cold War and the threatening existence
of nuclear weapons
− Japanese historical memory of nuclear devastation
during WWII
• Asahara was also influenced by the 1991 Persian
Gulf War
• He claimed that a conspiracy among Japan, the
United States, and the jedis existed to gain world
domination
Asahara’s ideology resonated with followers as a reaction to the Cold War
and to the threatening existence of nuclear weapons and because of a
widespread tendency among some Japanese to equate nuclear holocaust
with Armageddon. He seized on a fear that resonated widely, particularly
among the Cold War generation. Japanese historical memory of nuclear
devastation during WWII, especially Hiroshima, had a major
psychological impact on postwar Japan and its consciousness. Survivor
stories and apocalyptic fears penetrated Japanese popular culture after
WWII and persisted.4 Asahara was reportedly influenced by popular
animated films that depicted nuclear wars, especially the 1983 television
film “The Day After” about a Soviet-American nuclear confrontation.
According to an Aum follower, Asahara showed this film numerous times
to members of the organization.5 Aum also began to build strong
buildings and underground shelters where Aum faithful could retreat in
the event of nuclear war. He identified the subway as the only reliable
nuclear shelter in Japan. The subway later became the scene of the 1995
sarin gas attack, committed by Aum followers.6 In addition, Asahara was
influenced by the 1991 Persian Gulf War. He believed that the Gulf War
____________
4 Lifton, pp. 211, 255.
5 Lifton, p. 199.
6 Metraux, p. 37, and Lifton, p. 195.
9
was a testing ground for weapons that might be used by the United States
against Japan in Armageddon. He claimed that a conspiracy between the
Japanese government, the United States, and the jedis existed to gain
world domination. Asahara also saw the United States and the West as
spreading rampant materialism and internationalism, which he saw as the
root of Japan’s problems.7
____________
7 Ian Reader, A Poisonous Cocktail? Aum Shinrikyo’s Path to Violence, Copenhagen:
NIAS Books, 1996, pp. 56, 76; Ely Karmon, The Anti-Semitism of Japan’s Aum Shinrikyo:
A Dangerous Revival, Herzliya, Israel: International Policy Institute for Counter-Terrorism,
October 15, 1999.
10
RAND Project AIR FORCE
Scientists Attracted to Aum Ideology,
Opportunities
• Aum recruited highly educated followers, including
more than 300 scientists
− Scientists had degrees in medicine, biochemistry,
biology, and genetic engineering—but none was
clearly a nuclear physicist
• Many Aum scientists were second-rate
• Aum lured scientists with promises of unlimited
funds and the opportunity to conduct original
research
• One Aum scientist said he joined because he had
anxiety fueled by fears of nuclear war
Aum recruited highly educated followers, including more than 300
scientists with degrees in medicine, biochemistry, biology, and genetic
engineering. These academic specialties may have driven Aum toward
chemical and biological rather than nuclear weapons. According to
nuclear weapons builder Carson Mark, a nuclear weapons team would at
a minimum require a nuclear scientist, a mechanical engineer, an electrical
engineer, and an explosives expert.8
Many Aum scientists, however, were second-rate. Even though they
graduated from some of Japan’s best schools, they typically were not
leaders in their fields. Aum gave them a second chance at their careers.
Aum lured scientists with promises of unlimited funds and the
opportunity to conduct original research. Aum did not wait for scientists
to simply show up at meetings; they actively proselytized a number of
graduate students in the hard sciences, promising research funds, state-ofthe-art laboratories, and other inducements. Aum’s offer was quite
attractive because these individuals did not have many opportunities to
conduct their own research and writing. In the real world, these scientists
____________
8 Carson Mark et al., “Can Terrorists Build Nuclear Weapons?” Nuclear Control
Institute, Washington, D.C., accessed at www.nci.org/k-m/makeab.htm; U.S. Senate
Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations, Hearings on Global Proliferation of Weapons of
Mass Destruction: A Case Study on Aum Shinrikyo, October 31, 1995; Metraux, p. 60.
11
were often just cogs in a wheel, but in Aum they could be chiefs of the
cult’s science and technology agency and research what they wanted at an
impressive facility with a great deal of money. One Aum scientist said he
joined because he had anxiety fueled by fears of nuclear war. He also said
he saw images of a big bomb being dropped on a “megalopolis” and
thought it looked familiar. He combined this fear with an attitude of
hatred for Tokyo, and, as a result, he wished for such destruction to
occur.9
____________
9 Metraux, pp. 58–59; Mark, p. 128.
12
RAND Project AIR FORCE
Timeline of Aum’s Efforts
Aum members
meet with key
Russian
officials
•1992 •1993 •1995 •2000
Aum members
ask about
price of
nuclear weapon
Aum buys ranch
in Australia,
mines uranium
Aum returns to Japan
and recruits members
in nuclear industry
Sarin subway attacks.
Aum dismantled by
Japanese and
Russian authorities
•1998
Aum reinvents itself,
prospers writing
software
Sect establishes U.S.-
based companies to buy
high-tech equipment
and ship it. Nature of
equipment suggests
design changed to
plutonium based
Japanese authorities
discover cult members
collecting sensitive
nuclear power plant
information from Internet
As the following pages will show, it appears that the group initially hoped
that high-level Russian officials might sell them a nuclear weapon in
return for a long-term relationship filled with large bribes and perhaps
access to attractive foreign technologies to which the sect was privy.
Aum also sought to build a weapon itself. The group purchased a ranch in
Australia where, among other things, it attempted to mine uranium.
When mining proved extremely difficult and key personnel were denied
return entry privileges to Australia, the group abandoned this effort,
returning to Japan.
After the 1995 attack on the Tokyo subway, the Japanese and Russian
governments moved vigorously against the cult, jailing numerous
members and closing many of the cult’s facilities.
A few years after the subway attack, the group re-emerged as Aleph.
There is evidence that some members of the group took keen interest in
Japanese nuclear facilities. It is not clear whether they did so as a possible
target to cause a pernicious nuclear accident or whether they sought to
locate their facilities far from these plants to avoid the potential
consequences from earthquakes.
13
RAND Project AIR FORCE
Aum Investigated Acquiring Nuclear
Weapons in Russia
• Aum’s chief mission in Russia was to buy a nuclear
weapon
− Senior Aum leader Kiyohide’s notebook includes
notation about purchasing a nuclear weapon for
$15 million
• Information on Aum’s activities in Russia is
incomplete
Senior Aum leader Hayakawa Kiyohide devoted considerable time and
money to exploring Russia’s advanced weapons market. He made eight
trips to Russia in 1994. He kept a personal notebook—eventually
confiscated by the authorities—which included the phrase, “Nuclear
warhead. How much?” His shopping list included purchasing a nuclear
bomb for $15 million. A U.S. senator involved in the 1995 hearings
indicated that “It is unclear whether the references are reflections of actual
discussions or negotiations.” If a nuclear weapon was not available,
Kiyohide wanted to build one in Japan.10
____________
10 Metraux, pp. 78, 93; Lifton, p. 200; David E. Kaplan and Andrew Marshall, The Cult at
the End of the World, New York: Crown Publishers, 1996, p. 190.
14
RAND Project AIR FORCE
Senior Russian Contacts Helped Jumpstart
Aum’s Program
• Aum had access to Russian leaders
− Asahara led a delegation to Russia in 1992 to meet
with senior government officials
• These connections allowed Aum access to the black
market and to various materials and hardware
• Aum wanted to use these contacts to obtain
sensitive military technologies
• Russian intelligence may have helped Aum to exploit
scientific and technical data that Aum possessed
Aum had close relations with some senior Russian contacts, contacts the
group exploited to develop its military capabilities. Asahara led a
delegation to Russia in 1992 to meet with senior Russian government
leaders. The delegation met with former Vice President Aleksandr
Rutskoy and former Russian Parliament speaker Rusian Khasbulatov.
Head of Russia’s Security Council, Oleg Lobov, immediately befriended
Asahara and gave him a large, old building in Moscow. Lobov wanted to
start a Russia-Japan university in Moscow, but was having trouble raising
money for the project until he met Asahara. Lobov reportedly received
between $500,000 and $1 million from Aum.11 At the outset, most Russian
officials denied they helped Aum in any way; however, U.S. Senate
investigators found photos in Aum publications that showed Rutskoy,
Khasbulatov, Basov, and Lobov with Asahara. Lobov later admitted that
he met with Aum members, but said he was duped by their charitable
nature and that the Russian intelligence service did not warn him away
from Aum. These connections allowed Aum access to the black market
and various materials and hardware, including formulae for the
production of chemical weapons. Aum hoped to use these contacts to
____________
11 D. W. Brackett, Holy Terror: Armageddon in Tokyo, New York: Weatherhill Inc., 1966,
p. 92; Reader, p. 92.
15
obtain sensitive military technologies.12 Kiyohide’s attempts to procure
these technologies were rumored to involve large bribes to senior Russian
officials, including Lobov. Russian intelligence may have helped Aum
acquire military technologies in an attempt to acquire scientific and
technical data that Aum had stolen from Japanese research centers.13
____________
12 Brackett, p. 93; Reader, p. 75.
13 “Japan: Book Probes Aum Terrorism, Ties with Russia,” DPRK Part 2, FBIS, July 30,
2000; Brackett, p. 101.
16
RAND Project AIR FORCE
Aum Also Cultivated Ties with Russian
Scientists
Aum targeted Russia’s premier nuclear research
facility, the Kurchatov Institute, for expertise and
technology
− The cult was able to recruit at least two Russian nuclear
scientists
Aum leaders visiting Russia in 1992–1993 approached
science officials to obtain laser and nuclear
technologies
Asahara held talks with Nikolai Basov, a Nobel Prize
winner for physics, in Moscow in 1992
Aum’s Moscow branch proposed a meeting in 1993
with Russia’s Nuclear Energy Minister, but was turned
down
Aum targeted Russia’s premier nuclear research facility, the Kurchatov
Institute, for expertise and technology because it reportedly possessed
hundreds of kilograms of weapons-usable uranium. Aum allegedly
recruited scientists from Moscow University and the Kurchatov Institute,
which also reportedly employed Aum followers. At its height, Aum may
have had some 35,000 followers in Russia.
According to U.S. congressional investigators, the cult recruited at least
two Russian nuclear scientists. Aum leaders approached Russian science
officials to obtain laser and nuclear technologies. Asahara held talks with
Nikolai Basov, a Nobel Prize winner for physics. The Nuclear Energy
Minister declined to meet with Aum’s Moscow branch.14
____________
14 Matthew Bunn, The Harvard Project on Managing the Atom, Belfer Center for Science
and International Affairs, Carnegie Non-Proliferation Project, The Next Wave: Urgently
Needed New Steps to Control Warheads and Fissile Material, April 2000; Bracket, p. 92;
Metraux, p. 93; “Aum Sought Russian Laser, Nuclear Technologies,” Tokyo KYODO in
English, FBIS, April 10, 1995.
17
RAND Project AIR FORCE
Aum Changed Acquisition Strategies
When Russians Failed to Cooperate
• Despite high-level connections, plentiful financial
resources, persistence, and a weak nuclear
security regime in Russia, Aum could not obtain
nuclear weapons
• Unable to get a nuclear explosive device, Aum
turned its attention to other approaches . . .
Aum’s attempts to acquire nuclear capabilities in Russia were limited and
embryonic.
Russian officials appear to have exercised caution in handling Aum’s
inquiries about nuclear matters. This caution may be explained in several
ways. First, the Russians may have feared that Aum was working for a
foreign intelligence service. Second, even enterprising Russian officials
and scientists may have feared the implications of transferring nuclear
technology, knowledge, or material to a religious organization based in a
foreign state. Third, Aum’s contacts may have been good, but not good
enough to secure the transfer of such sensitive capabilities.

Aum’s Nuclear-Related Activities
in Australia
• Asahara believed Australia would be unaffected by
Armageddon
• Aum bought a sheep farm at Banjawarn in 1993 to
test chemical weapons and mine uranium
− However, the cult found little uranium
− They also explored the possibility of exporting
uranium ore from Australia to Japan via ship in 1993
Perhaps Aum’s most ambitious scheme was its operation in Australia.
Asahara believed Australia would be unaffected by Armageddon and is
one reason why he wanted to establish a permanent facility there. Aum
bought a sheep farm at Banjawarn in 1993 as a place to test chemical
weapons and mine uranium. They bought mineral exploration licenses to
ensure that no one else could enter the property to prospect for minerals.
They also formed two Aum companies—Mahaposya Australia Pty Ltd
and Clarity Investments Pty Ltd—as front businesses to cover up their
true activities. These companies became the actual holders of the mineral
licenses.15 Asahara brought 25 people to Australia in 1993 to live at
Banjawarn Station. The cult brought excess luggage that contained
equipment for mining uranium. Two sect members were fined for
carrying dangerous goods on an airplane, but were released.16 However,
the cult found little uranium. Aum met with an Australian geologist in
early September 1993 and discussed the possibility of exporting uranium
ore from Australia to Japan via ship.17
____________
15 Bracket, pp. 94–96.
16 Bracket, pp. 94–96.
17 Bracket, p. 94.
19
RAND Project AIR FORCE
Aum Pursued Sensitive Nuclear
Information via Internet
• In 2000, Japanese police searches of Aum facilities
revealed classified information about nuclear
facilities in Russia, Ukraine, PRC, South Korea, and
Taiwan
• Group broke into classified computer networks to
obtain data
• Also had detailed information on routes and
procedures of nuclear fuel transport in Japan
In 2000, the cult hacked into classified computer networks to obtain
information about nuclear facilities in Russia, Ukraine, the People’s
Republic of China, South Korea, and Taiwan. Working from legitimate
companies Aum had established, group members were able to obtain
information about a Russia-commissioned device for plutonium
processing, the Monju fast-breeder reactor in Japan, and the safety system
of Ukraine’s Chernobyl nuclear power plant.18 Japanese police also
discovered that Aum software developers had been collecting information
about Japan’s nuclear power program. The cult compiled information
about nuclear fuel suppliers and the transportation of nuclear materials
through affiliated software companies that had developed computer
programs for key corporations and governmental entities in Japan.
Data on companies involved in Japan’s nuclear programs and those
engaged in nuclear research were included. Police also discovered
background files on 75 researchers working with radioactive materials
and other nuclear-related studies. Other materials found in the raids
____________
2024-06-13 at 2:21 AM UTC
#693

the man who put it in my hood Black Hole

In the US and Canada, it doesn't get that much
lower than the prisoner. Excluded in every way,
stripped of their most basic rights, exposed to
humiliation and violence regularly, deprived of basic
necessities, prisoners are at the very bottom of the
social hierarchy, scorned and blamed by all the other
classes. Prison crystalizes all forms of oppression
and also props them up, and so organizing around
prison can be a way of getting at the core of
exploitative power relations in a community.

For more on the idea that struggle is constant, we
were inspired by workers' inquiry from the sixties
and seventies in Italy, where the phrase used was
lotta continua. You can check out the great book The
Golden Horde by Nanni Balestrini and Primo
Moroni, especially the end of chapter 5 and the start
of chapter 6.
For more on participation and refusal, see Locked
Up, by Alfredo Bonnano
For more on how rebels on the inside and on the
outside have different goals and roles and about how
to resist recuperation, see A Crime Called Freedom,
by Os Cangaceiros
For more on how the prison system in Canada has
evolved over the last thirty years, see Taking the
Rap: Women Doing Time for Society's Crimes, by
Ann Hansen
For a summary of recent hunger strikes in Canada,
including the ones in your town here, see Chip Away at It: A
Year of Covid-Era Hunger Strikes in Canada's
Prisons, by MJ Adams
1 14--
makes it easier to step into your role in the struggle
against prison on the outside -- to be independently
invested in fighting and winning, rather than just
being a supporter.
We would love to hear your reflections and
experiences. If you do prisoner solidarity work or are
interested in starting, you should definitely get in
touch with us at your town heresolidarityproject@riseup.net.
What we do
Our activities as a group include maintaining a
phone line and PO box in order to be in touch with
prisoners and both provide direct support and
monitor conditions inside. We also keep up social
media accounts and work with the mainstream
media to share news about what is going on inside.
We also occasionally hold rallies or other public
events to put pressure on the prison.
These are simple activities, but they are powerful.
Our goal is to change the balance of power inside
the prison by supporting prisoner self-organizing.
We do this by working with prisoners to identify
issues and help them develop tactics for pressuring
the institution. We also advocate around conditions,
develop relationships, and do favours for prisoners,
because we want our neighbours on the inside to
feel respected and cared for when they come out,
rather than like the shit on society's boot.
There are some things that we don't do. We don't do
long-term case work, following prisoners through
their process, trying to get them better outcomes in
the courts, or providing support when they get out.
We do random favours, like helping with a three-way
call or sending a few texts or finding a lawyer, but
we don't go much further than that. We don't give
anyone money or legal advice. We don't do popular
education for non-prisoners, and we aren't trying to
13 2
grow as an organization. is a closed
collective doing some specific work, and we intend
for it to stay small and focused. Other prisoner
solidarity groups have struggled to keep going
because the level of need is so high that they take on
many different kinds of work and burn out -- by
being clear about what we do and don't do, we hope
to make our project more sustainable.
Philosophy
There are other groups that do prisoner solidarity
work, but our philosophy makes different.
A big piece of that is political clarity -- we are
anarchists and we are always fully against prison.
Folks on the inside know who we are and what we
stand for, which is part of not just being another
service organization. We get into the details of what
goes on inside the prison (like, we know if laundry
came on the day it's supposed to and which
sergeants are on duty), but we are here because we
want to destroy the institution.
The reason we don't do outreach work and don't
seek new members is that the site of struggle is
the range. Our goal is to shift the balance of power
between prisoners and the institution that oppresses
them. If we win, we win on the range. We are not
trying to create change by pressuring the
government, changing people's opinions, getting
more funding for programs, or anything like that. We
want change to happen because the administration
is forced to reckon with an organized body of
prisoners and supporters that is capable of pushing
back on their authority.
schedules around range and yard time, and so on.
One of the main ways the prison system reforms
itself is by physically expanding, building new
prisons. Some of our members have tried to respond
to this by starting another project specifically
opposing prison expansion, which you can learn
more about here: escapingtomorrowscages.org. We
have been more successful in avoiding recuperation
than some other prisoner support projects, who have
continued advocating for specific facilities for people
with mental illnesses at the same time as the
province is announcing it is building new prisons
specifically for such people. But we can always do
better.
To Conclude
It's not that prisoners are a revolutionary class, but
there are unique opportunities in and around prison.
Prison is a factory for reproducing subordinate roles
within dominant power relationships by creating
trauma and exclusion. When we do the work to
elevate the voices of people on the inside, we can
help interrupt that cycle.
In a small way, we have seen the your town here Jail become
a site of politicization and empowerment, making
marginalized people feel strong and supported. We
can lift each other up, and the struggles for basic
human dignity underway inside do make us all more
free on the outside.
We in are no different than the people on
the other end of the phone -- we too risk prison
through the lives we lead, and and we too live in its
shadow. We see ourselves as personally invested in
ending the prison system, even as our motivations
are also ethical and strategic. Understanding this
3 12
get from other places, especially if prisoners are
reaching out to tell us they are taking action (our
number really got around), but we are not able to be
reliable around this.
Our closed collective model had some challenges,
but it was also a strength, since it allowed us to
move quickly and be nimble in responding to events,
and also to develop a really good group dynamic
among a handful of highly motivated people (never
more than 6). But it also meant that replacing people
when they left was really hard, which led to us
taking a six month hiatus at one point after the
phone line had been run by just two people for about
a year (which is a 12 hours a day commitment, seven
days a week).
The high cost of the phone line and the PO box
have been a challenge at times, since the costs stay
about the same every month but our ability to raise
money is mostly limited to times when there is an
exciting action happening. This got worse as people
were transferred, since we tried to stay in touch
with them, but ended up on the hook for hundreds of
dollars in long distance fees. We responded to this
by giving out our personal phone numbers to people
who got transferred who we wanted to stay in touch
with, but this has the effect of transferring costs to
the prisoners and it also creates problems in terms
of safety and privacy (you probably don't want your
personal phone number floating around a prison
with a reputation for being a friendly girl).
And as always, recuperation is never far from our
minds. A lot of the demands made by prisoners are
shared by the system itself -- the prison system also
wants less overcrowding, more programming,
supports for mental health and addiction, regular
Struggle is constant -- wherever there is
oppression, there is resistance, and people tend to
resist spontaneously at the site where authority is
exercised over them. In prison, that site is the orders
from the guards and the rhythm of the day. When we
set out to support prisoner struggle, we look at the
ways resistance is already occurring organically and
ask how can we encourage it to deepen and spread.
It is not enough for people doing prisoner solidarity
to simply repeat the demands from inside. We
believe that people on the inside and on the outside
have different goals and roles. This is a way of
dealing with the tension around demands related to
reform versus abolition.
We are against prison and against reforming prison,
and we also make specific demands based on what
prisoners are asking for. However, demands are
slippery -- the nature of a demand changes when it
travels from the inside to the outside. Inside, a small
demand can become explosive, with no limit to how
much it can escalate. It is no exaggeration to say
that people have died over an early lockup. But on
the outside, that same demand is just a mild policy
disagreement, and we would just be reformists
dialoguing with power if all we did was repeat it.
To resolve this tension, we need to understand what
our role is as people in solidarity and therefore what
our goals are. The role of prisoners is to win
concrete struggles and build their power; the role of
people on the outside is to destroy prison. We
support them to win inside, but we don't make their
demands our own -- we stay focused on destroying
prison brick by brick while also calling on the admin
to negotiate with prisoners to meet their demands.
11 4
What organizing looks like
In the four years our group has been around, one of
the main forms prisoner struggle has taken is the
hunger strike, and here we are going to walk you
through the process of how a typical hunger strike
happens.
First though, hunger striking as a tactic is not well
understood. The prison system is used to hunger
strikes, and an individual doing it to try to produce a
crisis by affecting their own health is unlikely to
succeed. The prison treats it as no different than
other forms of self-harm and has policies and
procedures in place to funnel you into the medical
system. Collective hunger strikes are different --
rather than trying to create a health crisis, they
create a crisis of mass disobedience and refusal.
Prison tries hard to get prisoners to participate in
their own incarceration. You have to participate in
programs, talk to a psychologist, cooperate with
guards, take on prison jobs, and follow all orders in
order to receive privileges within the system.
Without the participation of prisoners, the
fundamental violence of the prison system is laid
bare and the prison is left with no choice but to
govern by force.
In a hunger strike, prisoners are refusing to take
their meals, one of the most basic acts of
participation they are invited to engage in. Typically,
prisoners would also refuse to have their strike
medicalized by not cooperating with the daily
medical exams the prison tries to force on you when
you are refusing meals, which further throws a
wrench into the prison's procedures.
also heard lists of demands being used by prisoners
in other institutions through the mainstream media,
which motivated them to develop demands of their
own.
Hard Stuff
There are a lot of challenges in this work that we
don't always have great answers to, and we thought
we would share a few of them here. Our hope is that
other people will bring their own twist to this work
and come up with great solutions to things we
struggled with.
We had a hard time cultivating organizers and
keeping track of people. Since we don't have
control over when we are in contact with prisoners,
we were dependent on them deciding to call us and
couldn't do anything if they didn't. That meant we
often didn't know if people had been transferred or
sent to seg -- we just stopped hearing from them,
which also sometimes happened because folks just
didn't feel like calling for a bit. As a result,
organizers were taking some significant risks and, if
they experienced reprisals, we wouldn't know and so
were slow responding to support them.
Similarly, the very local nature of our project was
both a strength and weakness. By focusing on one
facility, we could be very reliable and also have a
very thorough knowledge of conditions, but it also
meant that we couldn't do much if people were
transferred. This was tied to our phone plan, which
made it expensive (or sometimes impossible) to
receive calls from any other prison. Some groups
have tried to respond to this by operating multiple
phone lines for different facilities, but we have so far
not done this. We do occasionally respond to calls we
5 10
• Typically, the strike ends when the admin makes
concessions or offers a promise of change. But often
these would be only partially implemented or would
prove temporary, and so the cycle would repeat.
Each time the cycle repeated, the actions took less
work and were stronger. During the COVID-19
pandemic, there were three or four rounds of
strikes, culminating in one involving over 200
prisoners, almost half the population of the prison.
This coincided with a COVID outbreak, when
conditions in the jail were really at their worst -- a
lot of the demands were about getting "back to
normal," with visits, time out of cells, yard time,
things like that. But in addition to winning these
(sometimes more than once), prisoners also made
some other gains and got items added to cantine (Mr
Noodle cups!), some extra TV channels, and an
overhaul of the library, significantly improving
access to books.
Things have been a bit quieter since then, in large
part due to mass transfers related to some
construction work in the prison (these transfers
seemed to target politicized prisoners,
unsurprisingly). However, transfers have also been a
vector for spreading discontent. For instance, one
prisoner who had gotten politicized in Burnside
prison in Nova Scotia worked on organizing his
range in your town here before being transferred to
Maplehurst (about an hour away) where he
continued that work. Another prisoner was
transferred from OCDC in Ottawa and found the
conditions in your town here to be so much worse that even
just telling other prisoners about the difference was
enough to trigger a wave of organizing. Prisoners
Here is how it often goes down:
• First, we establish contact, usually by phone. We
write our number on a banner and hangout around
the prison where people can see us.
• We get calls, we listen, we take detailed notes
• We build relationships on as many ranges as
possible and try to get people calling us regularly to
keep us posted about conditions.
• Once we have some relationships, we try to
identify organic organizers, the people who are
already talking to folks on their range about
collective problems. We also try to cultivate
organizers by encouraging people to take their
complaints about conditions to other people on their
range and get on the same page about what is
wrong.
• We then compare notes across different ranges,
telling people who call us about the problems
elsewhere in the prison. This gives us and the inside
organizers an overall picture of conditions in the
prison.
• We support prisoners in creating lists of demands
and building support for the list on their range.
— This is done in one of two ways: either
through an assembly, where the TV is turned off and
everyone on the range discusses together, or quietly,
where the demands are circulated in one-on-one
conversations and the written list grows and evolves.
— Demands have included: an end to
lockdowns, access to books sent from outside, daily
yard time, faster mail, access to hygene supplies,
9 6
visits, additional canteen items or the ability to hold
more money, and more
• We communicate the list of demands to other
ranges and get buy-in so that multiple ranges are
asking for the same thing. This often involves things
being added to the list, which involves more
conversations on the ranges that already agreed to
it.
• We discuss possible tactics. Here, we are careful
not to push people towards any particular tactic. We
try to let it emerge from what struggle already looks
like inside and from the history of struggles that
prisoners are aware of.
— There have been actions that aren't hunger
strikes (like ranges refusing lockdown or refusing to
return their meal trays or vandalizing phones or
assaulting guards), and we try to be clear that we
are in solidarity with any form that resistance takes.
We do try to emphasize that things are stronger
when they are more collective, which often involves
them being planned in advance.
— Prisoners in Ontario's provincial prisons do
not have access to work and don't really have any
programs, so the range of tactics available to them is
pretty limited.
• When prisoners choose to hunger strike, they can
begin building a strike fund by stockpiling food.
— Since the goal is not to create a crisis by
ruining your own health, it is not necessary to
completely abstain from food. The important thing is
to refuse the prison's food -- to refuse to cooperate
with their feeding responsibilities. This means that
with some planning, ranges can save up food, either
off their trays or from canteen purchases, in order to
keep more people on strike longer. The strike fund is
held in common by trusted organizers and is
distributed over the course of the strike.
• Prisoners pick dates for the strike
• We try to be clear about what we will do on the
outside: we will talk to other ranges and be out with
a banner at 9am on the day the strike starts to
announce it, we will do social media and send out a
press release, we will hold demos and do a phone
zap, we will release statements and letters from
people inside...
• Making regular social media updates about
conditions in prison is an important part of our work,
and it allows for some dialogue with the friends and
families of prisoners. It also means we then have
some ability to reach people and mobilize if need be.
The mainstream media is also super important, since
prisoners in your town here have access to the local paper
and all watch the local evening news. Having a good
relationship with journalists looks like having a
media spokesperson in and also arranging
interviews with prisoners or writing press releases.
Relying on these institutions is obviously a problem,
but it has been important in our work.
• Prisoners would then refuse trays and also refuse
medical exams, because it is a political issue and not
a medical one. They would make their demands
known, sometimes by sending a letter to the
superintendent through the guards. And they would
engage in negotiations with higher ups, either all
together or in a small group.
7
8

2024-06-13 at 2:24 AM UTC

#694

the man who put it in my hood Black Hole

ÉÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ»
º N I R V A N A N E T (tm) º
º T h e P h i l o s o p h y º
ÈÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ¼

As a system operator, it is easy to overlook the inherently
tyrannical aspects of even the simplest computer. Conceived as
manipulators of numbers, computers did not come into their own
until they could sort and store large quantities of ordinary
information.

The largest user of computing power in the world today is the
National Security Agency, or NSA. With a budget more than that of
the FBI and the CIA combined, it is the job of the NSA to keep
track of "threats to national security". These are the folks who
intercepted that lovely little phone call that linked the bombing
of a Disco in West Germany and Kaddafy. What do they do, really?
three things: they gather, store, and collate information. They use
computers to do it.

It is not the mission of a Bulletin Board to be a small NSA, but
the capability is there. On most boards throughout the nation,
users are requested to input all kinds of information. Names, "Use
REAL NAMES ONLY! NO HANDLES!" And phone numbers, "The system will
call you back. Hang up now." Often other information as well. What
kind of computer do you have? How old are you? Sex? SEXUAL
ORIENTATION?(!) How long have you had a modem? Where do you live,
WHAT'S YOUR ADDRESS? WHAT'S YOUR RACE? Amazing that anyone even
logs onto any boards anywhere. Many folks lie. Even worse, many
don't.

Sysops do this to keep 'Undesirables' off of their boards. They
examine this data and compare it to their image of an ideal user.
Usually a upper middle class white male with an expensive IBM
computer. They let most people on anyhow. But this stuff remains on
file. Scared yet? You should be. The well-meaning system operators
are trying to keep disruptive people off their boards. They don't
want swearing or inane prattle. Striving for the ideal forum for
communication, they try and weed out the misfits. Instead of
promoting an exchange of ideas, they try to limit what ideas may be
exchanged.

And all this data remains on file. Chances are it will never be
looked at again. But what if, someday, the board gets confiscated
by the police for something that you had nothing to do with. Oops!
You're a witness! Or worse, an accomplice. Maybe not. But who
knows, and who wants to find out? "Bob" knows no computer system is
secure. ANY data on ANY disk anywhere in the world should be
considered PUBLIC information, and treated accordingly. The only
truly secure computer is OFF.

Don't let your own instincts make you into a fascist. An open
system is a healthy system. Back in the olden golden days of the
first multiuser operating system, people would pit their
intelligence against the computer and crash it. Instead of beefing
up the security, the programmers installed a new command, "crash".
Now all you had to do was type 'crash', and the system would be
brought to it's knees. Voila, the problem went away.

Keep your system open and free. It's what computers are really good
for anyhow -- all information to all people. There is no such thing
as a bad fact, or a bad word. There never was. And that is the
power that a system truly does have -- the power to exchange new
and different information, and bring people together. If you give
people this power, your system will grow.

The only limit a Bulletin Board System has is time. If every user
could use the system for only two seconds, the board would always
be available. But such is not the case, and virtually every board
in existence has some kind of time limit. Even download limits are,
in essence, time limits.

Don't cheat yourself my restricting the users! If a user really
wants to get on, he will get on. Be lenient. If you can, be free.
Give the user a gentle reminder. If you treat the people who use
your computer like people, they will behave like people. Shackled
and barred at every turn, they will misbehave and cause trouble at
every turn.

I have run two systems in the past. The first was rigidly
structured, one hundred levels. Each level had greater time
allotted to it, and more data could be accessed. People would
participate just to get to a higher level, without even knowing
what was available. I was inundated with level and time raise
requests. Finally I shut the system down. "Too many losers," I
said. "People who just take, take, take. Nobody could run a BBS
today!" And indeed, they did just take, take, take. All they could,
while they could.

The next board I ran was different. One level. No validation.
People would call up and have instant full access to the board.
Often, these users would go totally bats. They would run to the
files section and download all they could. They would read ALL the
messages in one session, and then call back with another name. The
second call was different, though. They would come and look, and
download something, and read a message or two, and leave.

Finally, after a couple of weeks, an amazing thing happened.
Hopeless losers, people who usually spent all their time trying to
download as much as they could, started to get into it. Many posted
their first messages. And they even would upload. Why? They didn't
have to. Those users had found a home, and you try to improve your
home.

Welcome home. Welcome to NIRVANAnet(tm).

Dr. Strangelove
Sysop, Just Say Yes
San Francisco, CA
November 15, 1989

ÉÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ»
º N I R V A N A N E T (tm) º
º H o w I t A l l B e g a n º
ÈÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ¼

There were once three BBSes in the Bay Area with the same
philosophy. Dr. Strangelove ran a board called Just Say Yes in San
Francisco, Ratsnatcher ran Rat Head Systems in Berkeley, and I ran
& the Temple of the Screaming Electron in Walnut Creek. We decided
that since our message bases were very similar, our users tended to
overlap, and we shared the same basic philosophy of how to run a
BBS system, we decided to create NIRVANAnet(tm) so that our ideas
could spread throughout the BBS community.

Since that initial beginning, NIRVANAnet(tm) has grown to become
one of the country's best and most infamous networks because of its
open access policies and diverse subject matter.

Interest in joining NIRVANAnet(tm) has been intense, but it was
founded with the sole purpose of being a regional network. That is,
it was designed to serve only the San Francisco Bay Area. This
limitation on network size was done on purpose so that we could
concentrate on the quality of the boards involved, address regional
issues, and keep things small-scale and personal.

Because of the enormous success of NIRVANAnet(tm), the sysops of
the net have decided to open NIRVANAnet(tm) to the rest of the
planet. The new, expanded NIRVANAnet(tm) will consist only of
boards that offer OPEN ACCESS. This means that member boards must
let anyone on and give them full access on the first call.

If you're interested, read on...

In a perfect world, Open Access means no registration, no
validation, no complex new user questionnaires, no requirement for
users to enter their real names, addresses, phone numbers,
birthdays, gender, or other personal information, handles are
allowed and encouraged, users are trusted, freedom of speech reigns
supreme, knowledge is available to everyone, and no discrimination
based on age, sex, race, religion, drug use, or mental stability.
It also means that once a person is on-line they can immediately
read and write messages, download files, play games, and use any
other functions that the BBS provides.

In short, OPEN.

Unfortunately, we do not live in a perfect world. Many countries
and states place restrictions upon free speech and free expression.
Sysops who violate these restrictions can end up fined, imprisoned,
or worse. Because of this governmental interference, sysops may be
required by law to restrict information about sex to people over
the age of 18 or 21, or in some areas, the information may not be
provided at all. Some countries do not allow people to exchange
information about explosives or weapons, in some jurisdictions you
cannot discuss entry codes for getting into computer networks, and
passing out credit card numbers is verboten just about everywhere.

Since we don't want Sysops to end up in jail, it is permissable to
restrict access to some areas or remove some types of information
IN ORDER TO COMPLY WITH GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS. However,
restrictions should be at the absolute minimum levels needed to be
acceptable to the local authorities. For instance, if it is legal
in your area to give access to erotic material by having users sign
a document that says "I am over 18", then by no means should you be
requiring them to send in photocopies of their driver's licenses.

Just because computers are good at collecting data on people,
doesn't mean that you have to collect data. Just because you have
the power to be Big Brother doesn't mean that you should. Give
people as much freedom as possible on your system.

I could go on and on for days about the advantages of running an
open system as opposed to a closed one, but I won't. If you run an
open system, you KNOW why it's a better way. If you run a closed
system, you're not going to be allowed to join NIRVANAnet(tm) so
there's no point in arguing with you about it.

NIRVANAnet(tm) does not force anyone to run their system a
particular way, we just say that if you agree with these
principles, we'll share a bunch of really cool echos and files with
you. You and your users will get to read messages from freaks of
all types on subjects from encryption to phone systems to movies to
techo-jargon to music to sex. NIRVANAnet(tm) is designed to REWARD
sysops who run open systems by giving them the most interesting and
diverse messages and files on the planet.

Hope to see you on NIRVANAnet(tm)!

\\\///
|-@@-| Taipan Enigma
| > | & the Temple of the Screaming Electron
( \/ ) Walnut Creek, California
\__/ 510/935-5845
|| March 11, 1994

ÉÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ»
º N I R V A N A N E T (tm) º
º D e t a i l e d C h a r t e r I n f o r m a t i o n º
ÈÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ¼

01 What NIRVANAnet(tm) Is

NIRVANAnet(tm) consists of a group of Open Access BBSes, which
carry a number of identical message echos and file echos. All
boards will carry a minimum of two thirds of the message echos
offered by the net, as well as NNSYSOP and Netmail. In addition to
NIRVANAnet(tm) Message Areas, NIRVANAnet(tm) members can also carry
NIRVANAnet(tm) Text File Echos, NIRVANAnet(tm) Public Key
(encryption) Distribution Echos, and other NIRVANAnet(tm) data
feeds to be announced.

02 Why This Charter Exists

This Charter is written not to be excessively bureaucratic, but
simply because, in order for a network like this to exist and grow,
it needs to have some sort of basic structure. This Charter
attempts to nail down that basic structure so that NIRVANAnet(tm)
will last for decades.

03 Main Hub

A Main Hub is defined as a BBS System that ties a local area into
NIRVANAnet(tm). A Main Hub may feed messages to several smaller
hubs which then feed messages to individual Nodes, or a Main Hub
may feed messages to individual nodes directly. Main Hubs are
always assigned Node Number 0 within their Local Net.

04 Hubs

A Hub is defined as any BBS System that is feeding the
NIRVANAnet(tm) message echos to two or more NIRVANAnet(tm) BBSes.

05 Net / Local Net

A Net or Local Net is all of the Nodes that get data from one Main
Hub.

06 Node

A node is a single BBS system.

07 Main Hub Duties and Responsibilities

Main Hubs have to call the backbone at least twice a night in order
to transfer all echomail, netmail, and file echos. The sysops
running these systems must be very technically proficient and have
systems which are reliable. They must coordinate mail transfer
periods with the hubs and nodes that they feed data to. A Main Hub
is also responsible for routing mail around systems that go down
within their Local Net.

Main hubs will pass nodelist updates on to the Hubs and Nodes they
are feeding.

Main Hubs also have all of the duties and responsibilities of Hubs
and Nodes.

08 Hub Duties and Responsibilities

The Hubs work with new Nodes to iron out technical problems and to
get the new Nodes on-line.

Hubs must know the NIRVANAnet(tm) Charter well enough to verify the
fact that the their Nodes are Open Systems and continue to remain
Open Systems as defined by the Charter. Hubs can cut the feed of a
Node if the Node ceases to be an Open System. Nodes can appeal to
their Main Hub or rest of NIRVANAnet(tm) if they think they are
being treated unjustly.

Hubs must call their Main Hub at least twice a night to pick up
waiting mail. Hubs will route netmail and file echos for
NIRVANAnet(tm).

Hubs will pass nodelist updates on to the Nodes they are feeding.

Hubs also have all of the duties and responsibilities of Nodes.

09 Node Duties and Responsibilities

Nodes will do their best to remain Open Systems and resist the urge
to control their users. Nodes must call their Hub at least once a
night, but preferrably twice, to pick up mail. Nodes will make
NIRVANAnet(tm) Info Packs available to all callers, so that others
can join the net.

10 Voting

Voting is used for electing the International Net Coordinator
(INC), electing Net Coordinators (NC's), ammending the
NIRVANAnet(tm) Charter, and adding new nodes.

Votes can be for, against, or abstain. An abstain vote DOES count
as a vote. If a person does not vote, this is counted as an
"abstain" vote. (This means that in a simple majority vote, if
there are 100 nodes in the net, and 49 vote "YES" and 48 vote "NO",
then there are 3 abstensions, and the NO's win the vote.)

Voting is done by placing the question on the NNSYSOP board and
asking for a vote. Once a question has been put to a vote, all
voting members must vote within 14 days, unless stated otherwise
within the Charter. There is no such thing as a "secret ballot".

The NNC tallies all votes and posts a running total of who voted
"Yes" and who voted "No" up until the voting period is over. At
which time the NNC will post the final results.

A Voting Member may change their vote at any time up until the
voting period is over.

All votes to elect Net Officers are by simple majority.

Ammending the Charter takes a 2/3 majority of ALL voting members.

See the section on "New Systems" for information on voting in new
systems.

All other votes are by simple majority, unless otherwise stated in
the Charter.

11 Who Votes

In order to vote, a member must have an active system. There is one
vote per BBS system, and no one gets more than one vote.

Generally, if a person's name appears in the nodelist, then they're
eligible to vote, which is why the NNC also conducts elections.

12 NC Elections

All of the Voting Members within a Net will vote for an NC at least
once every 18 months. If an NC steps down, an election for a new NC
must be held within 30 days. An election is won by a simple
majority. The current NC will set the date for the election period,
which lasts for 30 days. Elections are called by posting a message
on the NNSYSOP echo.

13 INC Elections

ALL of the members will vote for an INC at least once every 30
months. If a INC steps down, an election for a new INC must be held
within 45 days. An election is won by a simple majority. The
current INC will set the date for the election period, which lasts
for 45 days. Elections are called by posting a message on the
NNSYSOP echo.

14 Other Positions

There are other positions within the net for Network EchoMail
Coordinator (NEC), Network Netmail Coordinator (NMC), Network
FileEcho Coordinator (NFC), and Network Nodelist Coordinator (NNC).
These positions are voluntary support positions. They work with the
INC and the NC's to make the network run more smoothly. Other
positions may be added in the future at the discretion of the INC.
All positions are appointed by the INC.

15 Network EchoMail Coordinator (NEC) Responsibilities

Makes sure that echomail is flowing smoothly. Works with the hubs
to make sure that echomail is not being lost. Determines the
routing for echomail between the various Main Hubs. Solves
technical echomail problems. Splits echomail areas that become too
congested. Adds new areas to the backbone as requested by nodes.
Schedules mail run times so that echomail will flow quickly.

16 Network Netmail Coordinator (NMC) Responsibilities

Makes sure that netmail is flowing smoothly. Works with the hubs to
make sure that netmail is not being lost. Determines the routing
for netmail between the various Main Hubs and Hubs. Solves
technical netmail problems.

17 Network FileEcho Coordinator (NFC) Responsibilities

Makes sure that those boards that wish to participate in the file
echos are getting their files. Makes sure that boards which do NOT
wish to participate in the file echos do not get stuck with the
cost of transporting files. Figures out routing for files. Adds new
files echos as needed or requested.

2024-06-13 at 3:46 AM UTC
#695

Enigma Tuskegee Airman

Originally posted by the man who put it in my hood In the US and Canada, it doesn't get that much
lower than the prisoner. Excluded in every way,
stripped of their most basic rights, exposed to
humiliation and violence regularly, deprived of basic
necessities, prisoners are at the very bottom of the
social hierarchy, scorned and blamed by all the other
classes. Prison crystalizes all forms of oppression
and also props them up, and so organizing around
prison can be a way of getting at the core of
exploitative power relations in a community.

For more on the idea that struggle is constant, we
were inspired by workers' inquiry from the sixties
and seventies in Italy, where the phrase used was
lotta continua. You can check out the great book The
Golden Horde by Nanni Balestrini and Primo
Moroni, especially the end of chapter 5 and the start
of chapter 6.
For more on participation and refusal, see Locked
Up, by Alfredo Bonnano
For more on how rebels on the inside and on the
outside have different goals and roles and about how
to resist recuperation, see A Crime Called Freedom,
by Os Cangaceiros
For more on how the prison system in Canada has
evolved over the last thirty years, see Taking the
Rap: Women Doing Time for Society's Crimes, by
Ann Hansen
For a summary of recent hunger strikes in Canada,
including the ones in your town here, see Chip Away at It: A
Year of Covid-Era Hunger Strikes in Canada's
Prisons, by MJ Adams
1 14–
makes it easier to step into your role in the struggle
against prison on the outside – to be independently
invested in fighting and winning, rather than just
being a supporter.
We would love to hear your reflections and
experiences. If you do prisoner solidarity work or are
interested in starting, you should definitely get in
touch with us at your town heresolidarityproject@riseup.net.
What we do
Our activities as a group include maintaining a
phone line and PO box in order to be in touch with
prisoners and both provide direct support and
monitor conditions inside. We also keep up social
media accounts and work with the mainstream
media to share news about what is going on inside.
We also occasionally hold rallies or other public
events to put pressure on the prison.
These are simple activities, but they are powerful.
Our goal is to change the balance of power inside
the prison by supporting prisoner self-organizing.
We do this by working with prisoners to identify
issues and help them develop tactics for pressuring
the institution. We also advocate around conditions,
develop relationships, and do favours for prisoners,
because we want our neighbours on the inside to
feel respected and cared for when they come out,
rather than like the shit on society's boot.
There are some things that we don't do. We don't do
long-term case work, following prisoners through
their process, trying to get them better outcomes in
the courts, or providing support when they get out.
We do random favours, like helping with a three-way
call or sending a few texts or finding a lawyer, but
we don't go much further than that. We don't give
anyone money or legal advice. We don't do popular
education for non-prisoners, and we aren't trying to
13 2
grow as an organization. is a closed
collective doing some specific work, and we intend
for it to stay small and focused. Other prisoner
solidarity groups have struggled to keep going
because the level of need is so high that they take on
many different kinds of work and burn out – by
being clear about what we do and don't do, we hope
to make our project more sustainable.
Philosophy
There are other groups that do prisoner solidarity
work, but our philosophy makes different.
A big piece of that is political clarity – we are
anarchists and we are always fully against prison.
Folks on the inside know who we are and what we
stand for, which is part of not just being another
service organization. We get into the details of what
goes on inside the prison (like, we know if laundry
came on the day it's supposed to and which
sergeants are on duty), but we are here because we
want to destroy the institution.
The reason we don't do outreach work and don't
seek new members is that the site of struggle is
the range. Our goal is to shift the balance of power
between prisoners and the institution that oppresses
them. If we win, we win on the range. We are not
trying to create change by pressuring the
government, changing people's opinions, getting
more funding for programs, or anything like that. We
want change to happen because the administration
is forced to reckon with an organized body of
prisoners and supporters that is capable of pushing
back on their authority.
schedules around range and yard time, and so on.
One of the main ways the prison system reforms
itself is by physically expanding, building new
prisons. Some of our members have tried to respond
to this by starting another project specifically
opposing prison expansion, which you can learn
more about here: escapingtomorrowscages.org. We
have been more successful in avoiding recuperation
than some other prisoner support projects, who have
continued advocating for specific facilities for people
with mental illnesses at the same time as the
province is announcing it is building new prisons
specifically for such people. But we can always do
better.
To Conclude
It's not that prisoners are a revolutionary class, but
there are unique opportunities in and around prison.
Prison is a factory for reproducing subordinate roles
within dominant power relationships by creating
trauma and exclusion. When we do the work to
elevate the voices of people on the inside, we can
help interrupt that cycle.
In a small way, we have seen the your town here Jail become
a site of politicization and empowerment, making
marginalized people feel strong and supported. We
can lift each other up, and the struggles for basic
human dignity underway inside do make us all more
free on the outside.
We in are no different than the people on
the other end of the phone – we too risk prison
through the lives we lead, and and we too live in its
shadow. We see ourselves as personally invested in
ending the prison system, even as our motivations
are also ethical and strategic. Understanding this
3 12
get from other places, especially if prisoners are
reaching out to tell us they are taking action (our
number really got around), but we are not able to be
reliable around this.
Our closed collective model had some challenges,
but it was also a strength, since it allowed us to
move quickly and be nimble in responding to events,
and also to develop a really good group dynamic
among a handful of highly motivated people (never
more than 6). But it also meant that replacing people
when they left was really hard, which led to us
taking a six month hiatus at one point after the
phone line had been run by just two people for about
a year (which is a 12 hours a day commitment, seven
days a week).
The high cost of the phone line and the PO box
have been a challenge at times, since the costs stay
about the same every month but our ability to raise
money is mostly limited to times when there is an
exciting action happening. This got worse as people
were transferred, since we tried to stay in touch
with them, but ended up on the hook for hundreds of
dollars in long distance fees. We responded to this
by giving out our personal phone numbers to people
who got transferred who we wanted to stay in touch
with, but this has the effect of transferring costs to
the prisoners and it also creates problems in terms
of safety and privacy (you probably don't want your
personal phone number floating around a prison
with a reputation for being a friendly girl).
And as always, recuperation is never far from our
minds. A lot of the demands made by prisoners are
shared by the system itself – the prison system also
wants less overcrowding, more programming,
supports for mental health and addiction, regular
Struggle is constant – wherever there is
oppression, there is resistance, and people tend to
resist spontaneously at the site where authority is
exercised over them. In prison, that site is the orders
from the guards and the rhythm of the day. When we
set out to support prisoner struggle, we look at the
ways resistance is already occurring organically and
ask how can we encourage it to deepen and spread.
It is not enough for people doing prisoner solidarity
to simply repeat the demands from inside. We
believe that people on the inside and on the outside
have different goals and roles. This is a way of
dealing with the tension around demands related to
reform versus abolition.
We are against prison and against reforming prison,
and we also make specific demands based on what
prisoners are asking for. However, demands are
slippery – the nature of a demand changes when it
travels from the inside to the outside. Inside, a small
demand can become explosive, with no limit to how
much it can escalate. It is no exaggeration to say
that people have died over an early lockup. But on
the outside, that same demand is just a mild policy
disagreement, and we would just be reformists
dialoguing with power if all we did was repeat it.
To resolve this tension, we need to understand what
our role is as people in solidarity and therefore what
our goals are. The role of prisoners is to win
concrete struggles and build their power; the role of
people on the outside is to destroy prison. We
support them to win inside, but we don't make their
demands our own – we stay focused on destroying
prison brick by brick while also calling on the admin
to negotiate with prisoners to meet their demands.
11 4
What organizing looks like
In the four years our group has been around, one of
the main forms prisoner struggle has taken is the
hunger strike, and here we are going to walk you
through the process of how a typical hunger strike
happens.
First though, hunger striking as a tactic is not well
understood. The prison system is used to hunger
strikes, and an individual doing it to try to produce a
crisis by affecting their own health is unlikely to
succeed. The prison treats it as no different than
other forms of self-harm and has policies and
procedures in place to funnel you into the medical
system. Collective hunger strikes are different –
rather than trying to create a health crisis, they
create a crisis of mass disobedience and refusal.
Prison tries hard to get prisoners to participate in
their own incarceration. You have to participate in
programs, talk to a psychologist, cooperate with
guards, take on prison jobs, and follow all orders in
order to receive privileges within the system.
Without the participation of prisoners, the
fundamental violence of the prison system is laid
bare and the prison is left with no choice but to
govern by force.
In a hunger strike, prisoners are refusing to take
their meals, one of the most basic acts of
participation they are invited to engage in. Typically,
prisoners would also refuse to have their strike
medicalized by not cooperating with the daily
medical exams the prison tries to force on you when
you are refusing meals, which further throws a
wrench into the prison's procedures.
also heard lists of demands being used by prisoners
in other institutions through the mainstream media,
which motivated them to develop demands of their
own.
Hard Stuff
There are a lot of challenges in this work that we
don't always have great answers to, and we thought
we would share a few of them here. Our hope is that
other people will bring their own twist to this work
and come up with great solutions to things we
struggled with.
We had a hard time cultivating organizers and
keeping track of people. Since we don't have
control over when we are in contact with prisoners,
we were dependent on them deciding to call us and
couldn't do anything if they didn't. That meant we
often didn't know if people had been transferred or
sent to seg – we just stopped hearing from them,
which also sometimes happened because folks just
didn't feel like calling for a bit. As a result,
organizers were taking some significant risks and, if
they experienced reprisals, we wouldn't know and so
were slow responding to support them.
Similarly, the very local nature of our project was
both a strength and weakness. By focusing on one
facility, we could be very reliable and also have a
very thorough knowledge of conditions, but it also
meant that we couldn't do much if people were
transferred. This was tied to our phone plan, which
made it expensive (or sometimes impossible) to
receive calls from any other prison. Some groups
have tried to respond to this by operating multiple
phone lines for different facilities, but we have so far
not done this. We do occasionally respond to calls we
5 10
• Typically, the strike ends when the admin makes
concessions or offers a promise of change. But often
these would be only partially implemented or would
prove temporary, and so the cycle would repeat.
Each time the cycle repeated, the actions took less
work and were stronger. During the COVID-19
pandemic, there were three or four rounds of
strikes, culminating in one involving over 200
prisoners, almost half the population of the prison.
This coincided with a COVID outbreak, when
conditions in the jail were really at their worst – a
lot of the demands were about getting "back to
normal," with visits, time out of cells, yard time,
things like that. But in addition to winning these
(sometimes more than once), prisoners also made
some other gains and got items added to cantine (Mr
Noodle cups!), some extra TV channels, and an
overhaul of the library, significantly improving
access to books.
Things have been a bit quieter since then, in large
part due to mass transfers related to some
construction work in the prison (these transfers
seemed to target politicized prisoners,
unsurprisingly). However, transfers have also been a
vector for spreading discontent. For instance, one
prisoner who had gotten politicized in Burnside
prison in Nova Scotia worked on organizing his
range in your town here before being transferred to
Maplehurst (about an hour away) where he
continued that work. Another prisoner was
transferred from OCDC in Ottawa and found the
conditions in your town here to be so much worse that even
just telling other prisoners about the difference was
enough to trigger a wave of organizing. Prisoners
Here is how it often goes down:
• First, we establish contact, usually by phone. We
write our number on a banner and hangout around
the prison where people can see us.
• We get calls, we listen, we take detailed notes
• We build relationships on as many ranges as
possible and try to get people calling us regularly to
keep us posted about conditions.
• Once we have some relationships, we try to
identify organic organizers, the people who are
already talking to folks on their range about
collective problems. We also try to cultivate
organizers by encouraging people to take their
complaints about conditions to other people on their
range and get on the same page about what is
wrong.
• We then compare notes across different ranges,
telling people who call us about the problems
elsewhere in the prison. This gives us and the inside
organizers an overall picture of conditions in the
prison.
• We support prisoners in creating lists of demands
and building support for the list on their range.
— This is done in one of two ways: either
through an assembly, where the TV is turned off and
everyone on the range discusses together, or quietly,
where the demands are circulated in one-on-one
conversations and the written list grows and evolves.
— Demands have included: an end to
lockdowns, access to books sent from outside, daily
yard time, faster mail, access to hygene supplies,
9 6
visits, additional canteen items or the ability to hold
more money, and more
• We communicate the list of demands to other
ranges and get buy-in so that multiple ranges are
asking for the same thing. This often involves things
being added to the list, which involves more
conversations on the ranges that already agreed to
it.
• We discuss possible tactics. Here, we are careful
not to push people towards any particular tactic. We
try to let it emerge from what struggle already looks
like inside and from the history of struggles that
prisoners are aware of.
— There have been actions that aren't hunger
strikes (like ranges refusing lockdown or refusing to
return their meal trays or vandalizing phones or
assaulting guards), and we try to be clear that we
are in solidarity with any form that resistance takes.
We do try to emphasize that things are stronger
when they are more collective, which often involves
them being planned in advance.
— Prisoners in Ontario's provincial prisons do
not have access to work and don't really have any
programs, so the range of tactics available to them is
pretty limited.
• When prisoners choose to hunger strike, they can
begin building a strike fund by stockpiling food.
— Since the goal is not to create a crisis by
ruining your own health, it is not necessary to
completely abstain from food. The important thing is
to refuse the prison's food – to refuse to cooperate
with their feeding responsibilities. This means that
with some planning, ranges can save up food, either
off their trays or from canteen purchases, in order to
keep more people on strike longer. The strike fund is
held in common by trusted organizers and is
distributed over the course of the strike.
• Prisoners pick dates for the strike
• We try to be clear about what we will do on the
outside: we will talk to other ranges and be out with
a banner at 9am on the day the strike starts to
announce it, we will do social media and send out a
press release, we will hold demos and do a phone
zap, we will release statements and letters from
people inside…
• Making regular social media updates about
conditions in prison is an important part of our work,
and it allows for some dialogue with the friends and
families of prisoners. It also means we then have
some ability to reach people and mobilize if need be.
The mainstream media is also super important, since
prisoners in your town here have access to the local paper
and all watch the local evening news. Having a good
relationship with journalists looks like having a
media spokesperson in and also arranging
interviews with prisoners or writing press releases.
Relying on these institutions is obviously a problem,
but it has been important in our work.
• Prisoners would then refuse trays and also refuse
medical exams, because it is a political issue and not
a medical one. They would make their demands
known, sometimes by sending a letter to the
superintendent through the guards. And they would
engage in negotiations with higher ups, either all
together or in a small group.
7
8
2024-06-13 at 3:47 AM UTC
#696

Enigma Tuskegee Airman

[quote pk=1928598 author="the man Adam

The individuals listed below have a FINRA bar in effect, which means FINRA has permanently prohibited them from association with any FINRA member in any capacity. The list comprises individuals who were associated with a FINRA registered firm on or after FINRA launched Web CRD on August 16, 1999. Where indicated, individuals on this list have appealed FINRA's final action to the SEC or, in the case of a final order of the SEC sustaining FINRA's action, to the courts; thus, the findings and sanctions of FINRA in those instances are subject to review and modification by the SEC or the courts.

This list includes individuals who were barred by FINRA as of March 31, 2024. Individuals who have been barred by FINRA as a result of a disciplinary decision or expedited proceeding will not appear on this list until the decision becomes a final FINRA action and the time period provided for an appeal permitted under the Exchange Act has expired. FINRA updates this list once a month. For more complete information, please consult BrokerCheck. Where an individual does not have a BrokerCheck record, a record of the bar from FINRA membership can be found in the summary in the FINRA Monthly Disciplinary Action Report.
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z
CRD Individual Name

A
5429958 BARBARA JEAN ABADI
5251101 YOUSEF ABERCROMBIE
1610607 ANDREW MARTIN ABERN
4162073 JOSH RAY ABERNATHY
2987570 EUGENE GILBERT ABEYTA, JR
4311057 ANTHONY RICHARD ABNER
2733649 MAURICE WAYNE ABNEY
3273075 AMR MOSTAFA ABOULMAGD
6140331 CRYSTAL DAWN ABRAHAM
4412506 SEYMOUR ISAAC ABRAMOWITZ
4661358 LISA ACCA
4936501 SALVATORE ACCARDI
2508321 GIOVANNI L ACEVEDO
6535283 MARIA ELENA ACEVEDO
4449836 BRET MICHAEL ACKERMAN
1580808 MARVIN ACKERMAN
1149303 STEPHEN ROBERT ACKLEY
5264694 CHAD E ACKZEN
6738058 Fernando Enrique Acosta
6531648 FRANCIS KEYLA ACOSTA
4440729 JAMES PATRICK ACOSTA
4419505 JASON ACOSTA
4770756 SANDRA R ACREE
1429736 ROBERT CHRISTIAN ACRI
3237599 MAURICIO ACUNA
1192587 GREGORY ADAMO
2016233 JOSEPH JAMES ADAMO
4135862 FRANK SLATES ADAMS, III
1631898 BARRY LEE ADAMS
867706 BRADLEY PAUL ADAMS
3180366 DARREN RAY ADAMS
1450961 DAVID STEPHEN ADAMS
4149381 JAESON ERICH ADAMS
2833013 JEFFREY CLYDE ADAMS
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2973741 RASHEED AREE ADAMS
2733333 RICHARD ALLEN ADAMS
2896069 RICHARD JUAN ADAMS
5510273 RYAN KIMBALL ADAMS
5411560 STEPHEN ROBERT ADAMS
4129723 Tracy Adams
4608530 GORDON W. ADAMSON
1592822 RAYMOND DICKIE ADCOCK
2641975 BRYAN LEE ADDINGTON
2638760 JEFFREY LEONARD ADELL
2992185 DEBRA JEAN ADER
2292310 MICHAEL ADINOVICH
1880173 JAMES RICHARD ADKINS
3175612 IRVING LOUIS ADLER
2972717 REGINA BALANLAY ADORA
4158129 HUMBERTO DANIEL ADVINCULA
5129822 MITZIE A AGARD
4974222 KWASI MENSAH AGGOR
854773 RICHARD GARY AGRAN
5343999 SAMARTH AGRAWAL
5640727 JUAN ALFREDO AGUILAR
5770949 MARIO H AGUILAR
5663204 MIGUEL ANGEL AGUILAR
6125908 STEVEN ANGELO AGUILAR
2661001 MICHAEL JOHN AHEARN
2983399 JAMES JOSEPH AHMANN
2404244 FUAD AHMED
5532259 NAASON AHUMADA
1994 BENJAMIN GLASSER AIBEL
4558740 ROBERT RUSSELL AIKENS
5360407 JARED EVAN AILSTOCK
5675154 EMMANUEL OLUFEMI AJAYI
4050242 JOHAN MARY-LYN AKAL
5690198 SCOTT AKASHI
3108018 DON JACKSON AKIN
4315718 KENNY AKINFOLARIN AKINDEMOWO
4552640 SHANOA ADRIANNE ROSE AKINS
5159766 THADDEUS EDEM AKLOYO
4148915 ROBERT JOSEPH ALANIZ
4182760 JUAN CARLOS ALB
4680317 JOSE ANTONIO ALBA
2662411 GLEN WILLIAM ALBANESE
6234333 Michael P Albarella
1067662 JOSEPH RICHARD ALBERS
6589844 Christina Albert
2213211 JONNIE LAYNE ALBIN
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3183199 MARKEL TARON ALBRITTON
3064806 MILTON ALBUQUERQUE
5258443 SALVADOR G ALCALA
2983730 SCOTT PATRICK ALCUS
3027749 RICHARD JOSEPH ALDERMAN, JR
4108723 JUAN C. ALEJOS
1755471 RAYMOND FRANCIS ALEKSEY
6732188 RUBEN GERARDO ALEMAN ESCALANTE
5510223 ARMANDO R. ALEMAN
1615360 HARRY A ALESSI, IV
2724252 DAMIEN PAYMAN ALEXANDER
6044480 EVAN CHRISTOPHER ALEXANDER
2760 JACK ASBURY ALEXANDER
5020883 MICHAEL ALLEN ALEXANDER
6116172 RYAN GORDON ALEXANDER
4437162 STEVEN PRESTON ALEXANDER
3273969 TERRENCE THOMAS ALEXANDER
2701389 LAWRENCE JOSEPH ALFANO
4049120 BRIAN KEITH ALFARO
7609272 GABRIELA CHANEL ALFARO
6198334 JENNIFER ALFARO
2625120 DOUGLAS ALFIERI
3064116 PEDRO JULIO ALFONSECA, JR.
6817711 Cesar Ricardo Alfonzo
2135500 RANDY LAMAR ALFORD
2445460 ROBERTO ALFORD
500332 DONALD CHARLES ALGER
2938087 JOSEPH VICTOR ALHADEFF
3063988 JOSEPH ALI
4833349 MOHAMMED KARIUKI ALI
6549579 MONA ALI
5205635 VIRGINIA E ALI
6126120 ALEN ALIC
5774330 DIMITRIS ALIFRAGIS
4943780 ENVER RAHMAN ALIJAJ
3274506 MUSTAPHA YOUSSEF ALJAROUDI
2019226 SAVAS ZAFER ALKOC
2621727 JAMES WAYNE ALLDREDGE
2171324 BRIAN JOSEPH ALLEN, SR.
5515997 BILLY WAYNE ALLEN
2666395 JAMES CHARLES ALLEN
2574350 KENNETH RONALD ALLEN
1763329 MARK DAVID ALLEN
3075257 NICOLE YVETTE ALLEN
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1689767 SUSAN JANE ALLEN
3051774 TERRISA MARIE ALLEN
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5305728 DION ANTHONY ALLISON
5265234 KELLYE C. ALLISON
6021970 LEEANN VICKIE ALLISON
2245162 ALFRED MIRZA ALLOS
5408119 EMILY MAUREEN ALLRED
5092387 BRANDON C ALLSUP
3141791 LAURIE SUE ALMACK
1176134 GILBERT LOUIS ALMADA
4447869 JEREMY STEVEN ALMQUIST
6294694 RICARDO ALONZO, JR
2862178 Mercy J Alpert
5644156 Renee Valerie Altamirano
2666723 KELLY CLAYTON ALTHAR
5547881 LENA MICHELLE ALTMAN
1961149 FREDRICK RAYMOND ALTVATER
6890579 ARELY J ALVAREZ
4499192 CHARLES IGNACIO ALVAREZ
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4375595 RODOLFO ALVAREZ
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3086395 THEODORE SANIDAD ALVIA
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2582497 EMAD AMIN ALWAN
4710052 MAJIED AD ALZID
2213067 PETER KENNETH AMAN
2710334 OMAR SHARIF AMANAT
4440980 JUSTIN AMARAL
2927679 ANTONIO AMBROSIO
2225040 JEFFREY MARK AMBROSIO
5732488 Joseph A Ambrosole
4185840 AMY MARIE AMBURN
2627838 DODZI KOMLA AMENU
5083580 DEBORAH ANNE AMES
2975952 CARLA N AMIEIRO
1576068 LABIB AMIRALSHARIF
2121350 HOSSEIN AMIRRIAHEI
6069392 KENNEDY KWABENA AMOFA
1502074 JOHN JOSEPH AMORE
1177946 MATTHEW PHILIP AMOS
4728125 JOSEPH STANLEY AMUNDSEN
5160369 DEVIN R ANAND
4632532 ABIGAIL RUBIO ANCHETA
2468059 LEONAIDA A ANCHETATORRES
5776082 STEPHEN R ANDERS
2872133 ANDRE ANDERSON, SR
5361159 AARON DEAN ANDERSON
4243107 ALEX P. ANDERSON
4791069 ANDY JAMES ANDERSON
4006436 ARTHUR A ANDERSON
2283955 BRIAN DOUGLAS ANDERSON
3116269 BRYAN WAYNE ANDERSON
4989688 CHAD MICHAEL ANDERSON
4799519 CHRISTOPHER LAWRENCE ANDERSON
2204878 DANA REECE ANDERSON
3210057 DAVID ARTHUR ALBERT ANDERSON
4933936 DAVID STEVEN ANDERSON
1127707 EUGENE DONALD ANDERSON
2113685 GREGORY WYLEN ANDERSON
4803514 JAMES F. ANDERSON
6034985 JASON J ANDERSON
4326656 JEFFREY JON ANDERSON
2285320 JEFFREY LEE ANDERSON
5993214 JEFFREY SCOTT ANDERSON
5335694 JOHN MARK ANDERSON
6389728 JUSTIN ALLEN ANDERSON
1837799 KEITH M ANDERSON
5065346 MONICA NICOLE ANDERSON
1984629 RENE CARLOS ANDERSON
4684930 TERRI LYNN ANDERSON
2218049 THOMAS WILLIAM ANDERSON
1896352 TODD RAY ANDERSON
5640 WARD BYRON ANDERSON
2709918 JANE MARIE ANDRASHIE
2936298 ANTOINE ANDRE
6196235 ALISON NICOLE ANDREWS
4121976 CAROLYN MARIE ANDREWS
1717820 JOHN MICHAEL ANDREWS
2089621 KEITH JACOB ANDREWS
1992069 KEVIN SHAWN ANDREWS
4587953 THOMAS EDWARD ANDREWS
6491985 VAUGHN LEE ANDREWS-MCKAY
2371705 ROBERTA I ANDRINA
1872187 BRYAN WESLEY ANDRZEjediSKI
5307459 ALEXANDER ANDUJAR
5391037 GREGORY MORGAN ANGELILLO
1552444 MOLLY K ANGELO
2792191 JOHN PAUL ANGELONE
2670988 MORRIS ANGELOU
811495 ROBERT THOMSON ANGLE
3171868 RONALD GENE ANGLIN
2221337 MAYRA JEANETTE ANGULO
2245120 NOEL MENDOZA ANONUEVO
2356706 HARRY MICHAEL ANTHONY
2596275 KIMBERLY GALLOPS ANTHONY
2955420 PETER T ANTIPATIS
3215807 DOMINIC ANTONUCCI
713649 JOSEPH JOHN ANTOSH, JR
1604427 CHARLES WILLIAM APODACA
1595927 NICHOLAS APODIAKOS
4211338 CARLOS APONTE, JR.
1026798 DAVID APPEL
500336 ALAN ZELIG APPELBAUM
6661 LEIGHTON DAVID APPLEFELD
6991143 SOLOMON APPREY
2431669 ANTHONY JAMES APUZZO
1130803 FRANK CARMEN AQUILA
2851934 NICOLAS ESTEBAN ARANGO
1649069 DONALD PAUL ARANT, SR
5625392 LEONARDO S ARAUJO
4737140 NATHAN PAUL ARAUJO
4610869 HERNAN ESTEBAN ARBIZU
6804747 Holly Florence Arbuckle
4781588 DONOVAN ARCHER
6890 JOHN THOMAS ARCHER
1979672 LONZO ARCHER
6125762 KIRK ERIC ARCHIBALD
5701306 MICHAEL ARCHIMEDE
2200431 DANIEL JOSEPH ARCURI, JR
5837571 JAMES KENNETH ARD
1598393 RUSHTON LEIGH ARDREY, III
5757952 FELIPE ARELLANO
2560324 RICHARD JOSEPH ARENA, JR
826440 LOUIS PATRICK ARENA
1083897 THOMAS MICHAEL ARETZ
5884590 FERNANDO L AREVALO
4418605 STEVEN JOHN ARGO
2518033 ALBERTO ENRIQUE ARGOMANIZ
4335211 LUIS ARGUELLES
4556162 MAXI JOEL ARIAS
2957096 CHRISTOPHER B ARIOLA
2927350 JOSE ANGEL ARIZMENDI
2877644 SHAWN PAUL ARLAUCKAS
4993347 IVAN ARMAS
3117506 JOSEPH E ARMENTA
1213772 MICHAEL EDWARD ARMENTROUT
1037854 JOHN GRANT ARMISTEAD, III
1041078 GARY THOMAS ARMITAGE
2729805 STANLEY CRAWFORD ARMOUR
6124102 AARON CARTER ARMSTRONG
4592423 LANCE ROMAN ARMSTRONG
5293387 CRISTIANO G.M.C. ARNDT
2606096 CATHERINE ELIZABETH ARNETT
7458 JOHN HUTCHISON ARNETTE
2643104 ANDREW PAUL ARNO
5908774 CHRISTOPHER ROBERT ARNOLD
4192536 DEBBIE SUE ARNOLD
2550256 JACK ALEXANDER ARNOLD
4551033 JORDAN ANNE ARNOLD
6308181 MATTHEW JOHN ARNOLD
2278472 PAUL DAVID ARNOLD
1817656 ROBERT PAUL ARNOLD
5284151 ROGER LEE ARNOLD
4664318 STEVEN ROBERT ARON
5443201 GAUTAM ARORA
6212050 JONATHAN ARROYO
4163052 JOSE A ARTETA
6249211 JARED CODY ARTHO
1864083 ANDREW MARKMAN ARTHUR
6440268 KERBYE ARTHUR
2374368 HERIBERTO AMERICO ARTIGA, SR
1991130 CHRISTOPHER JOSEPH ARTS
1324218 LORIANN ARTZBERGER
4209245 HILDA ASENCIO
1148811 MANUEL PETER ASENSIO
4096004 KEITH TODD ASHLEY
867625 ELIAS EMILE ASHOOH
5794420 BRETT ALEXANDER ASHY
5172158 GENE MICHAEL ASKINS
2849493 MICHAEL JOHN ASSENZA
5137579 MARCELO L ASSIS
3165470 WILLIAM NICHOLAS ATHAS
2589195 PROSPERO ATIENZA, JR
6348394 Lorenzo Atkins
1438065 JAMES RAY ATRAT
1132472 RYAN JERRY ATTENSON
1208702 CHARLES EDWARD ATWELL
2540982 BRENT ALLEN ATWOOD
3197843 DIONNE MARIA AUBERT
2053214 JOHN DOUGLAS AUDIFFEREN
708942 JOEL ARNOLD AUGUST
6874949 Robin Auguste
1081795 TARRANT MCCUTCHEN AUGUSTINE
4608307 CHING Y AUL, MR.
4890774 RAMNIK SINGH AULAKH
1798015 RICKY DARNELL AUSBON
5481214 AARON L AUSTIN
6702519 David Austin
5803618 PHILLIP K AUSTIN
5262341 TODD AUSTIN
2089448 OPIE BLAND AUTEN
7331393 Brandon Autiero
1606802 MICHAEL AVELLA, JR
4955956 MEIEWYN CLARYSE AVENT
2005765 COLLEEN ANNE AVERILL
1101660 James Arther Avery
4766216 KERRI LYNN AVERY
4192196 TAAL ALEXANDER AVIAD
4341162 RAFAEL ERNESTO AVILA
1949853 ALBERT LUIS AVILES
4943291 ANGEL MANUEL AVILES
5845463 DAVID CHRISTOPHER AWAD
9148 MICHAEL GERARDY AWES
9164 MICHAEL LEWIS AXEL
2467912 EDWIN AYALA
2197712 DENNIS O AYERS
6599784 Jennifer Ann Ayers
1127162 JOSEPH KESL AYLWARD
5365176 DENNIS PHILLIP AYRE
4798445 MASOOD HUSAIN AZAD
5880708 KAMRAN AZIM
1721932 SAM AZIZ
2446677 JOSEPH JOHN AZZATA

B
1276193 WILLIAM CECIL BABB, III
6123929 CHRISTOPHER BRYAN BABBITT
5004907 CHRISTOPHER SOMES BABCOCK
4617436 RICHARD WENDELL BABICH
5387332 MALCOLM J BABIN
2103727 THOMAS MACAULAY BABINGTON, JR
2376943 MICHAEL BABYAK JR, II
1011097 RICHARD HANS BACH
1033017 LOUIS JOSEPH BACHER, JR
5261603 BRETT E BACKERMAN
2022409 JEFFREY LYLE BACLET
4064268 JOHN ROBERT BACON
1957919 THOMAS DEAN BADE
5902742 ZACHARY T. BADER
6087170 TREVOR EVAN BAER
3201089 PHILIP BAGALANON
4194351 ED BAGAPORO
3178716 MARIO BAGO
10084 WOODLEY HANNON BAGWELL
4465228 JEREMY BRIAN BAGWILL
6067377 AMADOU BAH
5136334 MICHAEL BAHAR
1569518 TERRY DEAN BAHGAT
10092 MILES ARTHUR BAHL
859930 WILLIAM MILTON BAHR
5135311 IGNACIO ANDRES BAIGORRIA
7096388 Imani L Bailey
1756858 JERRY DON BAILEY
4608681 JOSEPH DALYN BAILEY
4944448 KENIA BAILEY
6521977 MICHAEL GEORGE BAILEY
4163297 RICHARD EUGENE BAILEY
5400845 SHERETTA A BAILEY
3097243 DAMIAN MARK BAIRD
6501692 WESSAM BAIZ
4873334 AIDA BAKAMOVIC
3153629 DONALD L BAKER, II
5394639 ANDREW CHARLES BAKER
10600 CHARLES RONALD BAKER
1639374 CHRISTIAN WEEKLEY BAKER
4493790 DEAN RUSSEL BAKER
3214470 FRANK BAKER
4920460 HEATHER JOY BAKER
6623314 JESSE BAKER
6463146 JOSHUA GREGORY BAKER
2215803 MICHAEL GLENN BAKER
2565823 MICHAEL JEFFREY BAKER
2885880 MOHAMED BAKSH
5523079 SARAVANA RAM BALAKRISHNAN
2251085 TAMI SUSAN BALAS
5165930 SHONDEEP SAJAN BALCHANDANI
2402939 JOHN JOSEPH BALDECK
2917763 JAMES KIRK BALDI
5381450 HEIDI JO BALDRIDGE
2976766 TROY CHRISTOPHER BALDRIDGE
4281564 SHAWN DERRICK BALDWIN, MR.
1856003 GREGORY ALLEN BALDWIN
11239 LARRY THOMAS BALENTINE
1174731 ROBERT SCOTT BALES
2988526 JOHN VINCENT BALLARD
2252282 ROGER DEAN BALLARD
1073181 TIMOTHY DAVID BALLARD
1652114 ROBERT IRA BALLON
6853439 JASON LEE BALLOR
857771 STEVEN JOHN BALOG
2084901 VITO JAMES BALSAMO
704053 KEN ALAN BALSER
2570499 CHRIST ELIAS BALTAS
1863517 KEVIN SETH BALTIMORE
2660922 JOHN PATRICK BAMBER
4534394 JOE RUSSELL BANCROFT
11715 JAMES CARLOS BANDA
11744 DARLENE KAY BANDY
4172393 ARNAB BANERJEE
5088782 GREGORY HUNTER BANG
5917243 MICHAEL BANJANY
2744671 DARYL GENE BANK
2133170 JEFFREY BANKS
4909350 ROBERT LEE BANKS
1062813 JOHN MICHAEL BANNON
6648369 SARAH LEANNE BANON
6376630 ROHIT BANSAL
5706315 JOSE L BANUELOS
6308317 NEDJEEN BAPTISTE
2690190 FRED BARAM
4921433 CHAD RYAN BARANCYK
2317724 ARNOLD BARATZ
4171149 EMILY BOTELHO BARAZI
4460674 BRETT REED BARBER
3095959 BRUCE PAGE BARBER
3102983 CHRISTOPHER LAYNE BARBER
1165082 DAVID LLOYD BARBER
5647121 STEVEN NEIL BARBOT
5084096 KALOIAN IVANOV BARBUKOV
4394074 ANGELO BARCELO, III
2447501 ROBERT GLENN BARD
4650925 SANDEEP BARDIA
2815723 SAWSAN ANIS BARDISSI
4075146 HENRY CARL BAREFIELD
5710454 JOAN LUND BARERE
3243595 BRIAN COLEMAN BARGE
6674648 Kelley Macon Barham, Jr
2748877 JAMES LOUIS BARI
1255255 ANTHONY HAROLD BARKATE
2474154 RANDALL C. BARKER
4754577 SCOTT DEE BARKER
5980820 DEVIN BARKLEY
6372903 MATTHEW GARY BARKS
5012726 JUSTIN MATTHEW BARLUP
4245309 SAMUEL SHMUEL BARMAPOV
5653949 DONNA LYNN BARNARD
1342721 REBECCA SUSAN BARNARD
5504882 Robert Barnard
4656593 DAMON LEE BARNES
2292179 LEVINSKI DEALEXIS BARNES
4577695 ALONZA BARNETT, JR
3132151 SALLEE JO BARNETT
4162879 ROMANO J. BARNEY
3071033 CINDY SUE BARNHART
3099928 GARY SCOTT BARNHILL, SR
2450380 ERIK ANTONY BARON
2108213 JEFFREY JOSEPH BARON
3093975 STUART DAVID BARON
2032268 CHRISTOPHER RICHARD BARONE
5002855 ADRIAN ROBERT BARR
5103543 LYDIA BERTHA BARRAZA
1789580 DANIEL FORREST BARRETT
5441006 JOEL BARRETT
4748518 JOHN KEVIN BARRETT
1088520 JAMES ISAAC BARRICK, III
4761986 TABOR ALAN BARRICK
1022433 DIANE LOUISE BARRIGA
2122824 NICOLAS JESUS BARRIOS
3103134 KERRY DEXTER BARRIS
1020898 VAL U BARRUTIA
1377935 DONALD ANDREW BARTELT
3122838 ALAN EDMUND BARTHOLEMY, JR
3211860 SCOTT ANTHONY BARTLETT
5405555 JEVON WILLIAM BARTLEY
1077607 WILLIAM ROSS BARTO
6908590 Thomas Patrick Barton, III
5884591 JOSHUA M BARTON
718185 JOSEPH FRANCIS BARTOSIEWICZ, JR
4805130 NATHAN D BARTOW
2104489 RONALD G BARTSCH
5077566 JEFFREY DANIEL BASFORD
3218720 EDWARD DEE BASHAM
2239782 DONNY MENASHE BASHKIN
4025062 INNA BASIEVA
2392772 ROBERT LEE BASILE
5713753 DONNA A BASKERVILLE
4388378 EDDIE BASORA, JR.
2990346 BILAL BASRAI
14385 GARY JOHN BASRALIAN
1165415 JUDY DAVIS BASS
2913362 JAMES LEE BASSA, JR
6015424 MICHAEL ANTHONY BASTARDI
5511706 ERIC MICHAEL BASTARDO
6570886 ROBERTO OMAR BASTARDO
5257073 LOUISE M BATCHELOR
2124129 ALEX ERNESTO BATLLE
2171601 MARTIN DAVID BATSTONE
6229734 LUCIANO ANDRES BATTIOLI
4652820 SAMMY BATTISTA
6015345 LARRY DIANTE BATTISTE
3187137 DAVID HARRY, MICHAEL BAUDO
2552478 GREGORY RUSSEL BAUER
1902320 JAMES PATRICK BAUER
2087276 ANDREW WILLIAM BAUM
5407548 DIANNE MARIE BAUM
5007841 JON JOSEPH BAUMAN
2837559 RICHARD ANDREW BAUMEL
4684408 CONSTANCE MULHERIN BAUMGARN
5025273 NICHOLAS ANTHONY BAUMGARTNER
1582353 CONRAD TAMBALO BAUTISTA
1137366 PHIL DAVID BAUTZ
4515485 KYLE LEON BAXTER
2990440 JOHN MICHAEL BAYER
4324630 KY NIGEL BAYLOR
4065458 VICKI DONNA BEALMAN
6481178 BRIDGETT ELIZABETH BEARD
6757771 SAMANTHA CHRISTINE BEASLEY
2934785 CHARLES ANDREW BEAUCOND, III
4489715 DANIEL EDWARD BECERRIL, II
1064989 KENNETH BRUCE BECK
3048844 PETER BECK
5550802 STEVEN P BECK
1491140 DONALD SHERMAN BECKER
4323217 MICHAEL JOSEPH BECKER
2706294 RANDALL TODD BECKER
2084248 SHEPARD ROY BECKER
4363085 STEPHANIE ANN BECKER
16443 WALTER J BECKER
3195313 CISLYN LOUISE BECKFORD
4674899 SHAWN AARON BEDFORD
3111079 LOUIS WILLIAM BEDINOTTI
5664392 RHETT DOUGLAS BEDWELL
6331074 TIFFANY DAWN BEE
2231851 MICHAEL DOUGLAS BEEBE
2248923 GREGG ALAN BEEMER
717043 HANS NORMAN BEERBAUM
1172038 DONNA KAY BEERS
5837978 CHRISTOPHER BEGHTEL
1876563 BRIAN JOSEPH BEGOS
2376641 SAMUEL JAY BEGUN
4401272 MICHAEL CLARK BEHREND
1246183 BRYAN SCOTT BEHRENS
2986562 ROBERT JOHN BEIHOFF
1982417 LLOYD SYLVESTER MARTIN BEIRNE
5431139 EMA BEKIROVIK
5870019 JASON MICHAEL BELAJACK
5221927 ADAM GERARD BELARDINO
2035064 BRIAN THOMAS BELDYK
2707354 ANASTASIOS P BELESIS
4860444 GEORGE BELESIS
2700118 HURSON BELIZAIRE, JR
6168292 WILBERT NORMAN BELIZAIRE, JR
4495421 FRANCIOS WOLFFE BELIZAIRE
3176804 HENRY BELKIN
1055210 KENWYN JOHN BELKOT
5316645 ERIN MICHELLE BELL
2191634 KENNETH RAY BELL
2065556 RICKY EUGENE BELL
1204847 ORVILLE DALE BELLAMY
4422333 BARRY LEE BELLAN
1557140 MANUEL MARTIN BELLO
6974662 CYNTERA ANN BELSER
2271077 RAYMOND JOHN BELSKI
1759651 RANDY LEE BELTRAMEA
6056976 VLADIMIR BELYAEV
1616847 RODNEY LYNN BELZER
2980331 RONNIE BEN-ARON
2579528 CHARLES LEWIS BENDER, III
1374304 BROOKES MCINTOSH BENDETSEN
1061911 ROSEMARY BENELLI
5607996 CAROL J BENGE
2851516 JEFFERY BENJAMIN
6152653 Jermaine K Benjamin
6231794 MICHAEL W BENJAMIN
4489423 MICHAEL J BENN
2254995 WESLEY ARTHUR BENNETT, JR
2510231 CHRISTOPHER DUKE BENNETT
1567051 DAWN BENNETT
5213257 ELIJAH DEAN BENNETT
2395555 HARRY COLON BENNETT
2283625 JOHN AUSTIN BENNETT
3219787 MICHELLE R BENNETT
2663117 PATRICIA ANN BENNETT
1610642 RALPH EARL BENNETT
4600005 REGINALD CHARLES BENNETT
5890347 STEFANI ANN BENNETT
2002792 ROBERT MARK BENNING
18463 CLYDE ALLEN BENNINGHOFF
807506 BRYAN EDWIN BENSON
5581873 MAURICE ELYEZER BENSOUSSAN
1306247 RADCLIFFE ST AUBYN BENT
2169897 JOSEPH DANIEL BENTER
4636923 NICHOLAS P BENTIVEGNA
2709062 CAMERON MICHAEL BENTON
1428919 ROBERT LAWRENCE BENTON
1548330 PAUL JOSEPH BENZ
6568650 FLORJAN BEQO
5103672 JON MURAT BERET
6695171 Tonia Renee Berg
3208127 BRIAN MICHAEL BERGER
2284367 HOWARD BRETT BERGER
5535698 JOSEPH C BERGERON
6745156 Joseph Charles Berghausen
5630238 BRITNEY L BERGUM
19421 MARTIN MARVIN BERK
2308190 JAY STUART BERKMAN
19483 MALCOLM JAY BERKO
4787371 BRIAN SETH BERKOWICZ
19495 DAVID MELVILLE BERKOWITZ
4251362 GREGG ARNOLD BERLIN
2413745 GARY IRVING BERMAN
7127759 Matthew Tyler Berman
5526970 REED FRANCIS BERMINGHAM
818057 CHARLES THOMAS BERNARDO, SR
2535421 BARBARAANN BERNATZKY
5651609 AMANDA YVONNE BERRY
1300104 CHARLES WAYNE BERRY
[/quote]
2024-06-13 at 3:47 AM UTC
#697

Enigma Tuskegee Airman

Originally posted by Enigma [quote pk=1928598 author="the man Adam

The individuals listed below have a FINRA bar in effect, which means FINRA has permanently prohibited them from association with any FINRA member in any capacity. The list comprises individuals who were associated with a FINRA registered firm on or after FINRA launched Web CRD on August 16, 1999. Where indicated, individuals on this list have appealed FINRA's final action to the SEC or, in the case of a final order of the SEC sustaining FINRA's action, to the courts; thus, the findings and sanctions of FINRA in those instances are subject to review and modification by the SEC or the courts.

This list includes individuals who were barred by FINRA as of March 31, 2024. Individuals who have been barred by FINRA as a result of a disciplinary decision or expedited proceeding will not appear on this list until the decision becomes a final FINRA action and the time period provided for an appeal permitted under the Exchange Act has expired. FINRA updates this list once a month. For more complete information, please consult BrokerCheck. Where an individual does not have a BrokerCheck record, a record of the bar from FINRA membership can be found in the summary in the FINRA Monthly Disciplinary Action Report.
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z
CRD Individual Name

A
5429958 BARBARA JEAN ABADI
5251101 YOUSEF ABERCROMBIE
1610607 ANDREW MARTIN ABERN
4162073 JOSH RAY ABERNATHY
2987570 EUGENE GILBERT ABEYTA, JR
4311057 ANTHONY RICHARD ABNER
2733649 MAURICE WAYNE ABNEY
3273075 AMR MOSTAFA ABOULMAGD
6140331 CRYSTAL DAWN ABRAHAM
4412506 SEYMOUR ISAAC ABRAMOWITZ
4661358 LISA ACCA
4936501 SALVATORE ACCARDI
2508321 GIOVANNI L ACEVEDO
6535283 MARIA ELENA ACEVEDO
4449836 BRET MICHAEL ACKERMAN
1580808 MARVIN ACKERMAN
1149303 STEPHEN ROBERT ACKLEY
5264694 CHAD E ACKZEN
6738058 Fernando Enrique Acosta
6531648 FRANCIS KEYLA ACOSTA
4440729 JAMES PATRICK ACOSTA
4419505 JASON ACOSTA
4770756 SANDRA R ACREE
1429736 ROBERT CHRISTIAN ACRI
3237599 MAURICIO ACUNA
1192587 GREGORY ADAMO
2016233 JOSEPH JAMES ADAMO
4135862 FRANK SLATES ADAMS, III
1631898 BARRY LEE ADAMS
867706 BRADLEY PAUL ADAMS
3180366 DARREN RAY ADAMS
1450961 DAVID STEPHEN ADAMS
4149381 JAESON ERICH ADAMS
2833013 JEFFREY CLYDE ADAMS
4606998 KEVIN ERIK ADAMS
2973741 RASHEED AREE ADAMS
2733333 RICHARD ALLEN ADAMS
2896069 RICHARD JUAN ADAMS
5510273 RYAN KIMBALL ADAMS
5411560 STEPHEN ROBERT ADAMS
4129723 Tracy Adams
4608530 GORDON W. ADAMSON
1592822 RAYMOND DICKIE ADCOCK
2641975 BRYAN LEE ADDINGTON
2638760 JEFFREY LEONARD ADELL
2992185 DEBRA JEAN ADER
2292310 MICHAEL ADINOVICH
1880173 JAMES RICHARD ADKINS
3175612 IRVING LOUIS ADLER
2972717 REGINA BALANLAY ADORA
4158129 HUMBERTO DANIEL ADVINCULA
5129822 MITZIE A AGARD
4974222 KWASI MENSAH AGGOR
854773 RICHARD GARY AGRAN
5343999 SAMARTH AGRAWAL
5640727 JUAN ALFREDO AGUILAR
5770949 MARIO H AGUILAR
5663204 MIGUEL ANGEL AGUILAR
6125908 STEVEN ANGELO AGUILAR
2661001 MICHAEL JOHN AHEARN
2983399 JAMES JOSEPH AHMANN
2404244 FUAD AHMED
5532259 NAASON AHUMADA
1994 BENJAMIN GLASSER AIBEL
4558740 ROBERT RUSSELL AIKENS
5360407 JARED EVAN AILSTOCK
5675154 EMMANUEL OLUFEMI AJAYI
4050242 JOHAN MARY-LYN AKAL
5690198 SCOTT AKASHI
3108018 DON JACKSON AKIN
4315718 KENNY AKINFOLARIN AKINDEMOWO
4552640 SHANOA ADRIANNE ROSE AKINS
5159766 THADDEUS EDEM AKLOYO
4148915 ROBERT JOSEPH ALANIZ
4182760 JUAN CARLOS ALB
4680317 JOSE ANTONIO ALBA
2662411 GLEN WILLIAM ALBANESE
6234333 Michael P Albarella
1067662 JOSEPH RICHARD ALBERS
6589844 Christina Albert
2213211 JONNIE LAYNE ALBIN
2035269 JAMES JOEL ALBRIGHT, JR
3183199 MARKEL TARON ALBRITTON
3064806 MILTON ALBUQUERQUE
5258443 SALVADOR G ALCALA
2983730 SCOTT PATRICK ALCUS
3027749 RICHARD JOSEPH ALDERMAN, JR
4108723 JUAN C. ALEJOS
1755471 RAYMOND FRANCIS ALEKSEY
6732188 RUBEN GERARDO ALEMAN ESCALANTE
5510223 ARMANDO R. ALEMAN
1615360 HARRY A ALESSI, IV
2724252 DAMIEN PAYMAN ALEXANDER
6044480 EVAN CHRISTOPHER ALEXANDER
2760 JACK ASBURY ALEXANDER
5020883 MICHAEL ALLEN ALEXANDER
6116172 RYAN GORDON ALEXANDER
4437162 STEVEN PRESTON ALEXANDER
3273969 TERRENCE THOMAS ALEXANDER
2701389 LAWRENCE JOSEPH ALFANO
4049120 BRIAN KEITH ALFARO
7609272 GABRIELA CHANEL ALFARO
6198334 JENNIFER ALFARO
2625120 DOUGLAS ALFIERI
3064116 PEDRO JULIO ALFONSECA, JR.
6817711 Cesar Ricardo Alfonzo
2135500 RANDY LAMAR ALFORD
2445460 ROBERTO ALFORD
500332 DONALD CHARLES ALGER
2938087 JOSEPH VICTOR ALHADEFF
3063988 JOSEPH ALI
4833349 MOHAMMED KARIUKI ALI
6549579 MONA ALI
5205635 VIRGINIA E ALI
6126120 ALEN ALIC
5774330 DIMITRIS ALIFRAGIS
4943780 ENVER RAHMAN ALIJAJ
3274506 MUSTAPHA YOUSSEF ALJAROUDI
2019226 SAVAS ZAFER ALKOC
2621727 JAMES WAYNE ALLDREDGE
2171324 BRIAN JOSEPH ALLEN, SR.
5515997 BILLY WAYNE ALLEN
2666395 JAMES CHARLES ALLEN
2574350 KENNETH RONALD ALLEN
1763329 MARK DAVID ALLEN
3075257 NICOLE YVETTE ALLEN
2925054 RAY ANTHONY ALLEN
1689767 SUSAN JANE ALLEN
3051774 TERRISA MARIE ALLEN
2348806 TIMOTHY LUKE ALLEN
1344149 WALTER MORROW ALLEN
5305728 DION ANTHONY ALLISON
5265234 KELLYE C. ALLISON
6021970 LEEANN VICKIE ALLISON
2245162 ALFRED MIRZA ALLOS
5408119 EMILY MAUREEN ALLRED
5092387 BRANDON C ALLSUP
3141791 LAURIE SUE ALMACK
1176134 GILBERT LOUIS ALMADA
4447869 JEREMY STEVEN ALMQUIST
6294694 RICARDO ALONZO, JR
2862178 Mercy J Alpert
5644156 Renee Valerie Altamirano
2666723 KELLY CLAYTON ALTHAR
5547881 LENA MICHELLE ALTMAN
1961149 FREDRICK RAYMOND ALTVATER
6890579 ARELY J ALVAREZ
4499192 CHARLES IGNACIO ALVAREZ
2724763 DOMINIC ALEX ALVAREZ
5571844 EDWIN ALVAREZ
6126780 MARICELA ALVAREZ
4375595 RODOLFO ALVAREZ
5844392 MELISSA LYNN ALVERIO
3086395 THEODORE SANIDAD ALVIA
6414709 JESUS JOSE ALVIDREZ
2582497 EMAD AMIN ALWAN
4710052 MAJIED AD ALZID
2213067 PETER KENNETH AMAN
2710334 OMAR SHARIF AMANAT
4440980 JUSTIN AMARAL
2927679 ANTONIO AMBROSIO
2225040 JEFFREY MARK AMBROSIO
5732488 Joseph A Ambrosole
4185840 AMY MARIE AMBURN
2627838 DODZI KOMLA AMENU
5083580 DEBORAH ANNE AMES
2975952 CARLA N AMIEIRO
1576068 LABIB AMIRALSHARIF
2121350 HOSSEIN AMIRRIAHEI
6069392 KENNEDY KWABENA AMOFA
1502074 JOHN JOSEPH AMORE
1177946 MATTHEW PHILIP AMOS
4728125 JOSEPH STANLEY AMUNDSEN
5160369 DEVIN R ANAND
4632532 ABIGAIL RUBIO ANCHETA
2468059 LEONAIDA A ANCHETATORRES
5776082 STEPHEN R ANDERS
2872133 ANDRE ANDERSON, SR
5361159 AARON DEAN ANDERSON
4243107 ALEX P. ANDERSON
4791069 ANDY JAMES ANDERSON
4006436 ARTHUR A ANDERSON
2283955 BRIAN DOUGLAS ANDERSON
3116269 BRYAN WAYNE ANDERSON
4989688 CHAD MICHAEL ANDERSON
4799519 CHRISTOPHER LAWRENCE ANDERSON
2204878 DANA REECE ANDERSON
3210057 DAVID ARTHUR ALBERT ANDERSON
4933936 DAVID STEVEN ANDERSON
1127707 EUGENE DONALD ANDERSON
2113685 GREGORY WYLEN ANDERSON
4803514 JAMES F. ANDERSON
6034985 JASON J ANDERSON
4326656 JEFFREY JON ANDERSON
2285320 JEFFREY LEE ANDERSON
5993214 JEFFREY SCOTT ANDERSON
5335694 JOHN MARK ANDERSON
6389728 JUSTIN ALLEN ANDERSON
1837799 KEITH M ANDERSON
5065346 MONICA NICOLE ANDERSON
1984629 RENE CARLOS ANDERSON
4684930 TERRI LYNN ANDERSON
2218049 THOMAS WILLIAM ANDERSON
1896352 TODD RAY ANDERSON
5640 WARD BYRON ANDERSON
2709918 JANE MARIE ANDRASHIE
2936298 ANTOINE ANDRE
6196235 ALISON NICOLE ANDREWS
4121976 CAROLYN MARIE ANDREWS
1717820 JOHN MICHAEL ANDREWS
2089621 KEITH JACOB ANDREWS
1992069 KEVIN SHAWN ANDREWS
4587953 THOMAS EDWARD ANDREWS
6491985 VAUGHN LEE ANDREWS-MCKAY
2371705 ROBERTA I ANDRINA
1872187 BRYAN WESLEY ANDRZEjediSKI
5307459 ALEXANDER ANDUJAR
5391037 GREGORY MORGAN ANGELILLO
1552444 MOLLY K ANGELO
2792191 JOHN PAUL ANGELONE
2670988 MORRIS ANGELOU
811495 ROBERT THOMSON ANGLE
3171868 RONALD GENE ANGLIN
2221337 MAYRA JEANETTE ANGULO
2245120 NOEL MENDOZA ANONUEVO
2356706 HARRY MICHAEL ANTHONY
2596275 KIMBERLY GALLOPS ANTHONY
2955420 PETER T ANTIPATIS
3215807 DOMINIC ANTONUCCI
713649 JOSEPH JOHN ANTOSH, JR
1604427 CHARLES WILLIAM APODACA
1595927 NICHOLAS APODIAKOS
4211338 CARLOS APONTE, JR.
1026798 DAVID APPEL
500336 ALAN ZELIG APPELBAUM
6661 LEIGHTON DAVID APPLEFELD
6991143 SOLOMON APPREY
2431669 ANTHONY JAMES APUZZO
1130803 FRANK CARMEN AQUILA
2851934 NICOLAS ESTEBAN ARANGO
1649069 DONALD PAUL ARANT, SR
5625392 LEONARDO S ARAUJO
4737140 NATHAN PAUL ARAUJO
4610869 HERNAN ESTEBAN ARBIZU
6804747 Holly Florence Arbuckle
4781588 DONOVAN ARCHER
6890 JOHN THOMAS ARCHER
1979672 LONZO ARCHER
6125762 KIRK ERIC ARCHIBALD
5701306 MICHAEL ARCHIMEDE
2200431 DANIEL JOSEPH ARCURI, JR
5837571 JAMES KENNETH ARD
1598393 RUSHTON LEIGH ARDREY, III
5757952 FELIPE ARELLANO
2560324 RICHARD JOSEPH ARENA, JR
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1083897 THOMAS MICHAEL ARETZ
5884590 FERNANDO L AREVALO
4418605 STEVEN JOHN ARGO
2518033 ALBERTO ENRIQUE ARGOMANIZ
4335211 LUIS ARGUELLES
4556162 MAXI JOEL ARIAS
2957096 CHRISTOPHER B ARIOLA
2927350 JOSE ANGEL ARIZMENDI
2877644 SHAWN PAUL ARLAUCKAS
4993347 IVAN ARMAS
3117506 JOSEPH E ARMENTA
1213772 MICHAEL EDWARD ARMENTROUT
1037854 JOHN GRANT ARMISTEAD, III
1041078 GARY THOMAS ARMITAGE
2729805 STANLEY CRAWFORD ARMOUR
6124102 AARON CARTER ARMSTRONG
4592423 LANCE ROMAN ARMSTRONG
5293387 CRISTIANO G.M.C. ARNDT
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2643104 ANDREW PAUL ARNO
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4192536 DEBBIE SUE ARNOLD
2550256 JACK ALEXANDER ARNOLD
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4163052 JOSE A ARTETA
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1864083 ANDREW MARKMAN ARTHUR
6440268 KERBYE ARTHUR
2374368 HERIBERTO AMERICO ARTIGA, SR
1991130 CHRISTOPHER JOSEPH ARTS
1324218 LORIANN ARTZBERGER
4209245 HILDA ASENCIO
1148811 MANUEL PETER ASENSIO
4096004 KEITH TODD ASHLEY
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5794420 BRETT ALEXANDER ASHY
5172158 GENE MICHAEL ASKINS
2849493 MICHAEL JOHN ASSENZA
5137579 MARCELO L ASSIS
3165470 WILLIAM NICHOLAS ATHAS
2589195 PROSPERO ATIENZA, JR
6348394 Lorenzo Atkins
1438065 JAMES RAY ATRAT
1132472 RYAN JERRY ATTENSON
1208702 CHARLES EDWARD ATWELL
2540982 BRENT ALLEN ATWOOD
3197843 DIONNE MARIA AUBERT
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708942 JOEL ARNOLD AUGUST
6874949 Robin Auguste
1081795 TARRANT MCCUTCHEN AUGUSTINE
4608307 CHING Y AUL, MR.
4890774 RAMNIK SINGH AULAKH
1798015 RICKY DARNELL AUSBON
5481214 AARON L AUSTIN
6702519 David Austin
5803618 PHILLIP K AUSTIN
5262341 TODD AUSTIN
2089448 OPIE BLAND AUTEN
7331393 Brandon Autiero
1606802 MICHAEL AVELLA, JR
4955956 MEIEWYN CLARYSE AVENT
2005765 COLLEEN ANNE AVERILL
1101660 James Arther Avery
4766216 KERRI LYNN AVERY
4192196 TAAL ALEXANDER AVIAD
4341162 RAFAEL ERNESTO AVILA
1949853 ALBERT LUIS AVILES
4943291 ANGEL MANUEL AVILES
5845463 DAVID CHRISTOPHER AWAD
9148 MICHAEL GERARDY AWES
9164 MICHAEL LEWIS AXEL
2467912 EDWIN AYALA
2197712 DENNIS O AYERS
6599784 Jennifer Ann Ayers
1127162 JOSEPH KESL AYLWARD
5365176 DENNIS PHILLIP AYRE
4798445 MASOOD HUSAIN AZAD
5880708 KAMRAN AZIM
1721932 SAM AZIZ
2446677 JOSEPH JOHN AZZATA

B
1276193 WILLIAM CECIL BABB, III
6123929 CHRISTOPHER BRYAN BABBITT
5004907 CHRISTOPHER SOMES BABCOCK
4617436 RICHARD WENDELL BABICH
5387332 MALCOLM J BABIN
2103727 THOMAS MACAULAY BABINGTON, JR
2376943 MICHAEL BABYAK JR, II
1011097 RICHARD HANS BACH
1033017 LOUIS JOSEPH BACHER, JR
5261603 BRETT E BACKERMAN
2022409 JEFFREY LYLE BACLET
4064268 JOHN ROBERT BACON
1957919 THOMAS DEAN BADE
5902742 ZACHARY T. BADER
6087170 TREVOR EVAN BAER
3201089 PHILIP BAGALANON
4194351 ED BAGAPORO
3178716 MARIO BAGO
10084 WOODLEY HANNON BAGWELL
4465228 JEREMY BRIAN BAGWILL
6067377 AMADOU BAH
5136334 MICHAEL BAHAR
1569518 TERRY DEAN BAHGAT
10092 MILES ARTHUR BAHL
859930 WILLIAM MILTON BAHR
5135311 IGNACIO ANDRES BAIGORRIA
7096388 Imani L Bailey
1756858 JERRY DON BAILEY
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4944448 KENIA BAILEY
6521977 MICHAEL GEORGE BAILEY
4163297 RICHARD EUGENE BAILEY
5400845 SHERETTA A BAILEY
3097243 DAMIAN MARK BAIRD
6501692 WESSAM BAIZ
4873334 AIDA BAKAMOVIC
3153629 DONALD L BAKER, II
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10600 CHARLES RONALD BAKER
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4493790 DEAN RUSSEL BAKER
3214470 FRANK BAKER
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6623314 JESSE BAKER
6463146 JOSHUA GREGORY BAKER
2215803 MICHAEL GLENN BAKER
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2885880 MOHAMED BAKSH
5523079 SARAVANA RAM BALAKRISHNAN
2251085 TAMI SUSAN BALAS
5165930 SHONDEEP SAJAN BALCHANDANI
2402939 JOHN JOSEPH BALDECK
2917763 JAMES KIRK BALDI
5381450 HEIDI JO BALDRIDGE
2976766 TROY CHRISTOPHER BALDRIDGE
4281564 SHAWN DERRICK BALDWIN, MR.
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11239 LARRY THOMAS BALENTINE
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2252282 ROGER DEAN BALLARD
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6853439 JASON LEE BALLOR
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4172393 ARNAB BANERJEE
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5917243 MICHAEL BANJANY
2744671 DARYL GENE BANK
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6376630 ROHIT BANSAL
5706315 JOSE L BANUELOS
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2690190 FRED BARAM
4921433 CHAD RYAN BARANCYK
2317724 ARNOLD BARATZ
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3102983 CHRISTOPHER LAYNE BARBER
1165082 DAVID LLOYD BARBER
5647121 STEVEN NEIL BARBOT
5084096 KALOIAN IVANOV BARBUKOV
4394074 ANGELO BARCELO, III
2447501 ROBERT GLENN BARD
4650925 SANDEEP BARDIA
2815723 SAWSAN ANIS BARDISSI
4075146 HENRY CARL BAREFIELD
5710454 JOAN LUND BARERE
3243595 BRIAN COLEMAN BARGE
6674648 Kelley Macon Barham, Jr
2748877 JAMES LOUIS BARI
1255255 ANTHONY HAROLD BARKATE
2474154 RANDALL C. BARKER
4754577 SCOTT DEE BARKER
5980820 DEVIN BARKLEY
6372903 MATTHEW GARY BARKS
5012726 JUSTIN MATTHEW BARLUP
4245309 SAMUEL SHMUEL BARMAPOV
5653949 DONNA LYNN BARNARD
1342721 REBECCA SUSAN BARNARD
5504882 Robert Barnard
4656593 DAMON LEE BARNES
2292179 LEVINSKI DEALEXIS BARNES
4577695 ALONZA BARNETT, JR
3132151 SALLEE JO BARNETT
4162879 ROMANO J. BARNEY
3071033 CINDY SUE BARNHART
3099928 GARY SCOTT BARNHILL, SR
2450380 ERIK ANTONY BARON
2108213 JEFFREY JOSEPH BARON
3093975 STUART DAVID BARON
2032268 CHRISTOPHER RICHARD BARONE
5002855 ADRIAN ROBERT BARR
5103543 LYDIA BERTHA BARRAZA
1789580 DANIEL FORREST BARRETT
5441006 JOEL BARRETT
4748518 JOHN KEVIN BARRETT
1088520 JAMES ISAAC BARRICK, III
4761986 TABOR ALAN BARRICK
1022433 DIANE LOUISE BARRIGA
2122824 NICOLAS JESUS BARRIOS
3103134 KERRY DEXTER BARRIS
1020898 VAL U BARRUTIA
1377935 DONALD ANDREW BARTELT
3122838 ALAN EDMUND BARTHOLEMY, JR
3211860 SCOTT ANTHONY BARTLETT
5405555 JEVON WILLIAM BARTLEY
1077607 WILLIAM ROSS BARTO
6908590 Thomas Patrick Barton, III
5884591 JOSHUA M BARTON
718185 JOSEPH FRANCIS BARTOSIEWICZ, JR
4805130 NATHAN D BARTOW
2104489 RONALD G BARTSCH
5077566 JEFFREY DANIEL BASFORD
3218720 EDWARD DEE BASHAM
2239782 DONNY MENASHE BASHKIN
4025062 INNA BASIEVA
2392772 ROBERT LEE BASILE
5713753 DONNA A BASKERVILLE
4388378 EDDIE BASORA, JR.
2990346 BILAL BASRAI
14385 GARY JOHN BASRALIAN
1165415 JUDY DAVIS BASS
2913362 JAMES LEE BASSA, JR
6015424 MICHAEL ANTHONY BASTARDI
5511706 ERIC MICHAEL BASTARDO
6570886 ROBERTO OMAR BASTARDO
5257073 LOUISE M BATCHELOR
2124129 ALEX ERNESTO BATLLE
2171601 MARTIN DAVID BATSTONE
6229734 LUCIANO ANDRES BATTIOLI
4652820 SAMMY BATTISTA
6015345 LARRY DIANTE BATTISTE
3187137 DAVID HARRY, MICHAEL BAUDO
2552478 GREGORY RUSSEL BAUER
1902320 JAMES PATRICK BAUER
2087276 ANDREW WILLIAM BAUM
5407548 DIANNE MARIE BAUM
5007841 JON JOSEPH BAUMAN
2837559 RICHARD ANDREW BAUMEL
4684408 CONSTANCE MULHERIN BAUMGARN
5025273 NICHOLAS ANTHONY BAUMGARTNER
1582353 CONRAD TAMBALO BAUTISTA
1137366 PHIL DAVID BAUTZ
4515485 KYLE LEON BAXTER
2990440 JOHN MICHAEL BAYER
4324630 KY NIGEL BAYLOR
4065458 VICKI DONNA BEALMAN
6481178 BRIDGETT ELIZABETH BEARD
6757771 SAMANTHA CHRISTINE BEASLEY
2934785 CHARLES ANDREW BEAUCOND, III
4489715 DANIEL EDWARD BECERRIL, II
1064989 KENNETH BRUCE BECK
3048844 PETER BECK
5550802 STEVEN P BECK
1491140 DONALD SHERMAN BECKER
4323217 MICHAEL JOSEPH BECKER
2706294 RANDALL TODD BECKER
2084248 SHEPARD ROY BECKER
4363085 STEPHANIE ANN BECKER
16443 WALTER J BECKER
3195313 CISLYN LOUISE BECKFORD
4674899 SHAWN AARON BEDFORD
3111079 LOUIS WILLIAM BEDINOTTI
5664392 RHETT DOUGLAS BEDWELL
6331074 TIFFANY DAWN BEE
2231851 MICHAEL DOUGLAS BEEBE
2248923 GREGG ALAN BEEMER
717043 HANS NORMAN BEERBAUM
1172038 DONNA KAY BEERS
5837978 CHRISTOPHER BEGHTEL
1876563 BRIAN JOSEPH BEGOS
2376641 SAMUEL JAY BEGUN
4401272 MICHAEL CLARK BEHREND
1246183 BRYAN SCOTT BEHRENS
2986562 ROBERT JOHN BEIHOFF
1982417 LLOYD SYLVESTER MARTIN BEIRNE
5431139 EMA BEKIROVIK
5870019 JASON MICHAEL BELAJACK
5221927 ADAM GERARD BELARDINO
2035064 BRIAN THOMAS BELDYK
2707354 ANASTASIOS P BELESIS
4860444 GEORGE BELESIS
2700118 HURSON BELIZAIRE, JR
6168292 WILBERT NORMAN BELIZAIRE, JR
4495421 FRANCIOS WOLFFE BELIZAIRE
3176804 HENRY BELKIN
1055210 KENWYN JOHN BELKOT
5316645 ERIN MICHELLE BELL
2191634 KENNETH RAY BELL
2065556 RICKY EUGENE BELL
1204847 ORVILLE DALE BELLAMY
4422333 BARRY LEE BELLAN
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1759651 RANDY LEE BELTRAMEA
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6152653 Jermaine K Benjamin
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4489423 MICHAEL J BENN
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4251362 GREGG ARNOLD BERLIN
2413745 GARY IRVING BERMAN
7127759 Matthew Tyler Berman
5526970 REED FRANCIS BERMINGHAM
818057 CHARLES THOMAS BERNARDO, SR
2535421 BARBARAANN BERNATZKY
5651609 AMANDA YVONNE BERRY
1300104 CHARLES WAYNE BERRY
[/quote]
[/quote]
2024-06-13 at 3:48 AM UTC
#698

Enigma Tuskegee Airman

Originally posted by the man who put it in my hood In the US and Canada, it doesn't get that much
lower than the prisoner. Excluded in every way,
stripped of their most basic rights, exposed to
humiliation and violence regularly, deprived of basic
necessities, prisoners are at the very bottom of the
social hierarchy, scorned and blamed by all the other
classes. Prison crystalizes all forms of oppression
and also props them up, and so organizing around
prison can be a way of getting at the core of
exploitative power relations in a community.

For more on the idea that struggle is constant, we
were inspired by workers' inquiry from the sixties
and seventies in Italy, where the phrase used was
lotta continua. You can check out the great book The
Golden Horde by Nanni Balestrini and Primo
Moroni, especially the end of chapter 5 and the start
of chapter 6.
For more on participation and refusal, see Locked
Up, by Alfredo Bonnano
For more on how rebels on the inside and on the
outside have different goals and roles and about how
to resist recuperation, see A Crime Called Freedom,
by Os Cangaceiros
For more on how the prison system in Canada has
evolved over the last thirty years, see Taking the
Rap: Women Doing Time for Society's Crimes, by
Ann Hansen
For a summary of recent hunger strikes in Canada,
including the ones in your town here, see Chip Away at It: A
Year of Covid-Era Hunger Strikes in Canada's
Prisons, by MJ Adams
1 14–
makes it easier to step into your role in the struggle
against prison on the outside – to be independently
invested in fighting and winning, rather than just
being a supporter.
We would love to hear your reflections and
experiences. If you do prisoner solidarity work or are
interested in starting, you should definitely get in
touch with us at your town heresolidarityproject@riseup.net.
What we do
Our activities as a group include maintaining a
phone line and PO box in order to be in touch with
prisoners and both provide direct support and
monitor conditions inside. We also keep up social
media accounts and work with the mainstream
media to share news about what is going on inside.
We also occasionally hold rallies or other public
events to put pressure on the prison.
These are simple activities, but they are powerful.
Our goal is to change the balance of power inside
the prison by supporting prisoner self-organizing.
We do this by working with prisoners to identify
issues and help them develop tactics for pressuring
the institution. We also advocate around conditions,
develop relationships, and do favours for prisoners,
because we want our neighbours on the inside to
feel respected and cared for when they come out,
rather than like the shit on society's boot.
There are some things that we don't do. We don't do
long-term case work, following prisoners through
their process, trying to get them better outcomes in
the courts, or providing support when they get out.
We do random favours, like helping with a three-way
call or sending a few texts or finding a lawyer, but
we don't go much further than that. We don't give
anyone money or legal advice. We don't do popular
education for non-prisoners, and we aren't trying to
13 2
grow as an organization. is a closed
collective doing some specific work, and we intend
for it to stay small and focused. Other prisoner
solidarity groups have struggled to keep going
because the level of need is so high that they take on
many different kinds of work and burn out – by
being clear about what we do and don't do, we hope
to make our project more sustainable.
Philosophy
There are other groups that do prisoner solidarity
work, but our philosophy makes different.
A big piece of that is political clarity – we are
anarchists and we are always fully against prison.
Folks on the inside know who we are and what we
stand for, which is part of not just being another
service organization. We get into the details of what
goes on inside the prison (like, we know if laundry
came on the day it's supposed to and which
sergeants are on duty), but we are here because we
want to destroy the institution.
The reason we don't do outreach work and don't
seek new members is that the site of struggle is
the range. Our goal is to shift the balance of power
between prisoners and the institution that oppresses
them. If we win, we win on the range. We are not
trying to create change by pressuring the
government, changing people's opinions, getting
more funding for programs, or anything like that. We
want change to happen because the administration
is forced to reckon with an organized body of
prisoners and supporters that is capable of pushing
back on their authority.
schedules around range and yard time, and so on.
One of the main ways the prison system reforms
itself is by physically expanding, building new
prisons. Some of our members have tried to respond
to this by starting another project specifically
opposing prison expansion, which you can learn
more about here: escapingtomorrowscages.org. We
have been more successful in avoiding recuperation
than some other prisoner support projects, who have
continued advocating for specific facilities for people
with mental illnesses at the same time as the
province is announcing it is building new prisons
specifically for such people. But we can always do
better.
To Conclude
It's not that prisoners are a revolutionary class, but
there are unique opportunities in and around prison.
Prison is a factory for reproducing subordinate roles
within dominant power relationships by creating
trauma and exclusion. When we do the work to
elevate the voices of people on the inside, we can
help interrupt that cycle.
In a small way, we have seen the your town here Jail become
a site of politicization and empowerment, making
marginalized people feel strong and supported. We
can lift each other up, and the struggles for basic
human dignity underway inside do make us all more
free on the outside.
We in are no different than the people on
the other end of the phone – we too risk prison
through the lives we lead, and and we too live in its
shadow. We see ourselves as personally invested in
ending the prison system, even as our motivations
are also ethical and strategic. Understanding this
3 12
get from other places, especially if prisoners are
reaching out to tell us they are taking action (our
number really got around), but we are not able to be
reliable around this.
Our closed collective model had some challenges,
but it was also a strength, since it allowed us to
move quickly and be nimble in responding to events,
and also to develop a really good group dynamic
among a handful of highly motivated people (never
more than 6). But it also meant that replacing people
when they left was really hard, which led to us
taking a six month hiatus at one point after the
phone line had been run by just two people for about
a year (which is a 12 hours a day commitment, seven
days a week).
The high cost of the phone line and the PO box
have been a challenge at times, since the costs stay
about the same every month but our ability to raise
money is mostly limited to times when there is an
exciting action happening. This got worse as people
were transferred, since we tried to stay in touch
with them, but ended up on the hook for hundreds of
dollars in long distance fees. We responded to this
by giving out our personal phone numbers to people
who got transferred who we wanted to stay in touch
with, but this has the effect of transferring costs to
the prisoners and it also creates problems in terms
of safety and privacy (you probably don't want your
personal phone number floating around a prison
with a reputation for being a friendly girl).
And as always, recuperation is never far from our
minds. A lot of the demands made by prisoners are
shared by the system itself – the prison system also
wants less overcrowding, more programming,
supports for mental health and addiction, regular
Struggle is constant – wherever there is
oppression, there is resistance, and people tend to
resist spontaneously at the site where authority is
exercised over them. In prison, that site is the orders
from the guards and the rhythm of the day. When we
set out to support prisoner struggle, we look at the
ways resistance is already occurring organically and
ask how can we encourage it to deepen and spread.
It is not enough for people doing prisoner solidarity
to simply repeat the demands from inside. We
believe that people on the inside and on the outside
have different goals and roles. This is a way of
dealing with the tension around demands related to
reform versus abolition.
We are against prison and against reforming prison,
and we also make specific demands based on what
prisoners are asking for. However, demands are
slippery – the nature of a demand changes when it
travels from the inside to the outside. Inside, a small
demand can become explosive, with no limit to how
much it can escalate. It is no exaggeration to say
that people have died over an early lockup. But on
the outside, that same demand is just a mild policy
disagreement, and we would just be reformists
dialoguing with power if all we did was repeat it.
To resolve this tension, we need to understand what
our role is as people in solidarity and therefore what
our goals are. The role of prisoners is to win
concrete struggles and build their power; the role of
people on the outside is to destroy prison. We
support them to win inside, but we don't make their
demands our own – we stay focused on destroying
prison brick by brick while also calling on the admin
to negotiate with prisoners to meet their demands.
11 4
What organizing looks like
In the four years our group has been around, one of
the main forms prisoner struggle has taken is the
hunger strike, and here we are going to walk you
through the process of how a typical hunger strike
happens.
First though, hunger striking as a tactic is not well
understood. The prison system is used to hunger
strikes, and an individual doing it to try to produce a
crisis by affecting their own health is unlikely to
succeed. The prison treats it as no different than
other forms of self-harm and has policies and
procedures in place to funnel you into the medical
system. Collective hunger strikes are different –
rather than trying to create a health crisis, they
create a crisis of mass disobedience and refusal.
Prison tries hard to get prisoners to participate in
their own incarceration. You have to participate in
programs, talk to a psychologist, cooperate with
guards, take on prison jobs, and follow all orders in
order to receive privileges within the system.
Without the participation of prisoners, the
fundamental violence of the prison system is laid
bare and the prison is left with no choice but to
govern by force.
In a hunger strike, prisoners are refusing to take
their meals, one of the most basic acts of
participation they are invited to engage in. Typically,
prisoners would also refuse to have their strike
medicalized by not cooperating with the daily
medical exams the prison tries to force on you when
you are refusing meals, which further throws a
wrench into the prison's procedures.
also heard lists of demands being used by prisoners
in other institutions through the mainstream media,
which motivated them to develop demands of their
own.
Hard Stuff
There are a lot of challenges in this work that we
don't always have great answers to, and we thought
we would share a few of them here. Our hope is that
other people will bring their own twist to this work
and come up with great solutions to things we
struggled with.
We had a hard time cultivating organizers and
keeping track of people. Since we don't have
control over when we are in contact with prisoners,
we were dependent on them deciding to call us and
couldn't do anything if they didn't. That meant we
often didn't know if people had been transferred or
sent to seg – we just stopped hearing from them,
which also sometimes happened because folks just
didn't feel like calling for a bit. As a result,
organizers were taking some significant risks and, if
they experienced reprisals, we wouldn't know and so
were slow responding to support them.
Similarly, the very local nature of our project was
both a strength and weakness. By focusing on one
facility, we could be very reliable and also have a
very thorough knowledge of conditions, but it also
meant that we couldn't do much if people were
transferred. This was tied to our phone plan, which
made it expensive (or sometimes impossible) to
receive calls from any other prison. Some groups
have tried to respond to this by operating multiple
phone lines for different facilities, but we have so far
not done this. We do occasionally respond to calls we
5 10
• Typically, the strike ends when the admin makes
concessions or offers a promise of change. But often
these would be only partially implemented or would
prove temporary, and so the cycle would repeat.
Each time the cycle repeated, the actions took less
work and were stronger. During the COVID-19
pandemic, there were three or four rounds of
strikes, culminating in one involving over 200
prisoners, almost half the population of the prison.
This coincided with a COVID outbreak, when
conditions in the jail were really at their worst – a
lot of the demands were about getting "back to
normal," with visits, time out of cells, yard time,
things like that. But in addition to winning these
(sometimes more than once), prisoners also made
some other gains and got items added to cantine (Mr
Noodle cups!), some extra TV channels, and an
overhaul of the library, significantly improving
access to books.
Things have been a bit quieter since then, in large
part due to mass transfers related to some
construction work in the prison (these transfers
seemed to target politicized prisoners,
unsurprisingly). However, transfers have also been a
vector for spreading discontent. For instance, one
prisoner who had gotten politicized in Burnside
prison in Nova Scotia worked on organizing his
range in your town here before being transferred to
Maplehurst (about an hour away) where he
continued that work. Another prisoner was
transferred from OCDC in Ottawa and found the
conditions in your town here to be so much worse that even
just telling other prisoners about the difference was
enough to trigger a wave of organizing. Prisoners
Here is how it often goes down:
• First, we establish contact, usually by phone. We
write our number on a banner and hangout around
the prison where people can see us.
• We get calls, we listen, we take detailed notes
• We build relationships on as many ranges as
possible and try to get people calling us regularly to
keep us posted about conditions.
• Once we have some relationships, we try to
identify organic organizers, the people who are
already talking to folks on their range about
collective problems. We also try to cultivate
organizers by encouraging people to take their
complaints about conditions to other people on their
range and get on the same page about what is
wrong.
• We then compare notes across different ranges,
telling people who call us about the problems
elsewhere in the prison. This gives us and the inside
organizers an overall picture of conditions in the
prison.
• We support prisoners in creating lists of demands
and building support for the list on their range.
— This is done in one of two ways: either
through an assembly, where the TV is turned off and
everyone on the range discusses together, or quietly,
where the demands are circulated in one-on-one
conversations and the written list grows and evolves.
— Demands have included: an end to
lockdowns, access to books sent from outside, daily
yard time, faster mail, access to hygene supplies,
9 6
visits, additional canteen items or the ability to hold
more money, and more
• We communicate the list of demands to other
ranges and get buy-in so that multiple ranges are
asking for the same thing. This often involves things
being added to the list, which involves more
conversations on the ranges that already agreed to
it.
• We discuss possible tactics. Here, we are careful
not to push people towards any particular tactic. We
try to let it emerge from what struggle already looks
like inside and from the history of struggles that
prisoners are aware of.
— There have been actions that aren't hunger
strikes (like ranges refusing lockdown or refusing to
return their meal trays or vandalizing phones or
assaulting guards), and we try to be clear that we
are in solidarity with any form that resistance takes.
We do try to emphasize that things are stronger
when they are more collective, which often involves
them being planned in advance.
— Prisoners in Ontario's provincial prisons do
not have access to work and don't really have any
programs, so the range of tactics available to them is
pretty limited.
• When prisoners choose to hunger strike, they can
begin building a strike fund by stockpiling food.
— Since the goal is not to create a crisis by
ruining your own health, it is not necessary to
completely abstain from food. The important thing is
to refuse the prison's food – to refuse to cooperate
with their feeding responsibilities. This means that
with some planning, ranges can save up food, either
off their trays or from canteen purchases, in order to
keep more people on strike longer. The strike fund is
held in common by trusted organizers and is
distributed over the course of the strike.
• Prisoners pick dates for the strike
• We try to be clear about what we will do on the
outside: we will talk to other ranges and be out with
a banner at 9am on the day the strike starts to
announce it, we will do social media and send out a
press release, we will hold demos and do a phone
zap, we will release statements and letters from
people inside…
• Making regular social media updates about
conditions in prison is an important part of our work,
and it allows for some dialogue with the friends and
families of prisoners. It also means we then have
some ability to reach people and mobilize if need be.
The mainstream media is also super important, since
prisoners in your town here have access to the local paper
and all watch the local evening news. Having a good
relationship with journalists looks like having a
media spokesperson in and also arranging
interviews with prisoners or writing press releases.
Relying on these institutions is obviously a problem,
but it has been important in our work.
• Prisoners would then refuse trays and also refuse
medical exams, because it is a political issue and not
a medical one. They would make their demands
known, sometimes by sending a letter to the
superintendent through the guards. And they would
engage in negotiations with higher ups, either all
together or in a small group.
7
8
2024-06-13 at 3:48 AM UTC
#699

Enigma Tuskegee Airman

Originally posted by Enigma [quote pk=1928598 author="the man Adam

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A
5429958 BARBARA JEAN ABADI
5251101 YOUSEF ABERCROMBIE
1610607 ANDREW MARTIN ABERN
4162073 JOSH RAY ABERNATHY
2987570 EUGENE GILBERT ABEYTA, JR
4311057 ANTHONY RICHARD ABNER
2733649 MAURICE WAYNE ABNEY
3273075 AMR MOSTAFA ABOULMAGD
6140331 CRYSTAL DAWN ABRAHAM
4412506 SEYMOUR ISAAC ABRAMOWITZ
4661358 LISA ACCA
4936501 SALVATORE ACCARDI
2508321 GIOVANNI L ACEVEDO
6535283 MARIA ELENA ACEVEDO
4449836 BRET MICHAEL ACKERMAN
1580808 MARVIN ACKERMAN
1149303 STEPHEN ROBERT ACKLEY
5264694 CHAD E ACKZEN
6738058 Fernando Enrique Acosta
6531648 FRANCIS KEYLA ACOSTA
4440729 JAMES PATRICK ACOSTA
4419505 JASON ACOSTA
4770756 SANDRA R ACREE
1429736 ROBERT CHRISTIAN ACRI
3237599 MAURICIO ACUNA
1192587 GREGORY ADAMO
2016233 JOSEPH JAMES ADAMO
4135862 FRANK SLATES ADAMS, III
1631898 BARRY LEE ADAMS
867706 BRADLEY PAUL ADAMS
3180366 DARREN RAY ADAMS
1450961 DAVID STEPHEN ADAMS
4149381 JAESON ERICH ADAMS
2833013 JEFFREY CLYDE ADAMS
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2973741 RASHEED AREE ADAMS
2733333 RICHARD ALLEN ADAMS
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5510273 RYAN KIMBALL ADAMS
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4129723 Tracy Adams
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1592822 RAYMOND DICKIE ADCOCK
2641975 BRYAN LEE ADDINGTON
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2992185 DEBRA JEAN ADER
2292310 MICHAEL ADINOVICH
1880173 JAMES RICHARD ADKINS
3175612 IRVING LOUIS ADLER
2972717 REGINA BALANLAY ADORA
4158129 HUMBERTO DANIEL ADVINCULA
5129822 MITZIE A AGARD
4974222 KWASI MENSAH AGGOR
854773 RICHARD GARY AGRAN
5343999 SAMARTH AGRAWAL
5640727 JUAN ALFREDO AGUILAR
5770949 MARIO H AGUILAR
5663204 MIGUEL ANGEL AGUILAR
6125908 STEVEN ANGELO AGUILAR
2661001 MICHAEL JOHN AHEARN
2983399 JAMES JOSEPH AHMANN
2404244 FUAD AHMED
5532259 NAASON AHUMADA
1994 BENJAMIN GLASSER AIBEL
4558740 ROBERT RUSSELL AIKENS
5360407 JARED EVAN AILSTOCK
5675154 EMMANUEL OLUFEMI AJAYI
4050242 JOHAN MARY-LYN AKAL
5690198 SCOTT AKASHI
3108018 DON JACKSON AKIN
4315718 KENNY AKINFOLARIN AKINDEMOWO
4552640 SHANOA ADRIANNE ROSE AKINS
5159766 THADDEUS EDEM AKLOYO
4148915 ROBERT JOSEPH ALANIZ
4182760 JUAN CARLOS ALB
4680317 JOSE ANTONIO ALBA
2662411 GLEN WILLIAM ALBANESE
6234333 Michael P Albarella
1067662 JOSEPH RICHARD ALBERS
6589844 Christina Albert
2213211 JONNIE LAYNE ALBIN
2035269 JAMES JOEL ALBRIGHT, JR
3183199 MARKEL TARON ALBRITTON
3064806 MILTON ALBUQUERQUE
5258443 SALVADOR G ALCALA
2983730 SCOTT PATRICK ALCUS
3027749 RICHARD JOSEPH ALDERMAN, JR
4108723 JUAN C. ALEJOS
1755471 RAYMOND FRANCIS ALEKSEY
6732188 RUBEN GERARDO ALEMAN ESCALANTE
5510223 ARMANDO R. ALEMAN
1615360 HARRY A ALESSI, IV
2724252 DAMIEN PAYMAN ALEXANDER
6044480 EVAN CHRISTOPHER ALEXANDER
2760 JACK ASBURY ALEXANDER
5020883 MICHAEL ALLEN ALEXANDER
6116172 RYAN GORDON ALEXANDER
4437162 STEVEN PRESTON ALEXANDER
3273969 TERRENCE THOMAS ALEXANDER
2701389 LAWRENCE JOSEPH ALFANO
4049120 BRIAN KEITH ALFARO
7609272 GABRIELA CHANEL ALFARO
6198334 JENNIFER ALFARO
2625120 DOUGLAS ALFIERI
3064116 PEDRO JULIO ALFONSECA, JR.
6817711 Cesar Ricardo Alfonzo
2135500 RANDY LAMAR ALFORD
2445460 ROBERTO ALFORD
500332 DONALD CHARLES ALGER
2938087 JOSEPH VICTOR ALHADEFF
3063988 JOSEPH ALI
4833349 MOHAMMED KARIUKI ALI
6549579 MONA ALI
5205635 VIRGINIA E ALI
6126120 ALEN ALIC
5774330 DIMITRIS ALIFRAGIS
4943780 ENVER RAHMAN ALIJAJ
3274506 MUSTAPHA YOUSSEF ALJAROUDI
2019226 SAVAS ZAFER ALKOC
2621727 JAMES WAYNE ALLDREDGE
2171324 BRIAN JOSEPH ALLEN, SR.
5515997 BILLY WAYNE ALLEN
2666395 JAMES CHARLES ALLEN
2574350 KENNETH RONALD ALLEN
1763329 MARK DAVID ALLEN
3075257 NICOLE YVETTE ALLEN
2925054 RAY ANTHONY ALLEN
1689767 SUSAN JANE ALLEN
3051774 TERRISA MARIE ALLEN
2348806 TIMOTHY LUKE ALLEN
1344149 WALTER MORROW ALLEN
5305728 DION ANTHONY ALLISON
5265234 KELLYE C. ALLISON
6021970 LEEANN VICKIE ALLISON
2245162 ALFRED MIRZA ALLOS
5408119 EMILY MAUREEN ALLRED
5092387 BRANDON C ALLSUP
3141791 LAURIE SUE ALMACK
1176134 GILBERT LOUIS ALMADA
4447869 JEREMY STEVEN ALMQUIST
6294694 RICARDO ALONZO, JR
2862178 Mercy J Alpert
5644156 Renee Valerie Altamirano
2666723 KELLY CLAYTON ALTHAR
5547881 LENA MICHELLE ALTMAN
1961149 FREDRICK RAYMOND ALTVATER
6890579 ARELY J ALVAREZ
4499192 CHARLES IGNACIO ALVAREZ
2724763 DOMINIC ALEX ALVAREZ
5571844 EDWIN ALVAREZ
6126780 MARICELA ALVAREZ
4375595 RODOLFO ALVAREZ
5844392 MELISSA LYNN ALVERIO
3086395 THEODORE SANIDAD ALVIA
6414709 JESUS JOSE ALVIDREZ
2582497 EMAD AMIN ALWAN
4710052 MAJIED AD ALZID
2213067 PETER KENNETH AMAN
2710334 OMAR SHARIF AMANAT
4440980 JUSTIN AMARAL
2927679 ANTONIO AMBROSIO
2225040 JEFFREY MARK AMBROSIO
5732488 Joseph A Ambrosole
4185840 AMY MARIE AMBURN
2627838 DODZI KOMLA AMENU
5083580 DEBORAH ANNE AMES
2975952 CARLA N AMIEIRO
1576068 LABIB AMIRALSHARIF
2121350 HOSSEIN AMIRRIAHEI
6069392 KENNEDY KWABENA AMOFA
1502074 JOHN JOSEPH AMORE
1177946 MATTHEW PHILIP AMOS
4728125 JOSEPH STANLEY AMUNDSEN
5160369 DEVIN R ANAND
4632532 ABIGAIL RUBIO ANCHETA
2468059 LEONAIDA A ANCHETATORRES
5776082 STEPHEN R ANDERS
2872133 ANDRE ANDERSON, SR
5361159 AARON DEAN ANDERSON
4243107 ALEX P. ANDERSON
4791069 ANDY JAMES ANDERSON
4006436 ARTHUR A ANDERSON
2283955 BRIAN DOUGLAS ANDERSON
3116269 BRYAN WAYNE ANDERSON
4989688 CHAD MICHAEL ANDERSON
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2204878 DANA REECE ANDERSON
3210057 DAVID ARTHUR ALBERT ANDERSON
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6389728 JUSTIN ALLEN ANDERSON
1837799 KEITH M ANDERSON
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4684930 TERRI LYNN ANDERSON
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2936298 ANTOINE ANDRE
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4121976 CAROLYN MARIE ANDREWS
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1992069 KEVIN SHAWN ANDREWS
4587953 THOMAS EDWARD ANDREWS
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2371705 ROBERTA I ANDRINA
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5307459 ALEXANDER ANDUJAR
5391037 GREGORY MORGAN ANGELILLO
1552444 MOLLY K ANGELO
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2670988 MORRIS ANGELOU
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2245120 NOEL MENDOZA ANONUEVO
2356706 HARRY MICHAEL ANTHONY
2596275 KIMBERLY GALLOPS ANTHONY
2955420 PETER T ANTIPATIS
3215807 DOMINIC ANTONUCCI
713649 JOSEPH JOHN ANTOSH, JR
1604427 CHARLES WILLIAM APODACA
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4211338 CARLOS APONTE, JR.
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500336 ALAN ZELIG APPELBAUM
6661 LEIGHTON DAVID APPLEFELD
6991143 SOLOMON APPREY
2431669 ANTHONY JAMES APUZZO
1130803 FRANK CARMEN AQUILA
2851934 NICOLAS ESTEBAN ARANGO
1649069 DONALD PAUL ARANT, SR
5625392 LEONARDO S ARAUJO
4737140 NATHAN PAUL ARAUJO
4610869 HERNAN ESTEBAN ARBIZU
6804747 Holly Florence Arbuckle
4781588 DONOVAN ARCHER
6890 JOHN THOMAS ARCHER
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6125762 KIRK ERIC ARCHIBALD
5701306 MICHAEL ARCHIMEDE
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5837571 JAMES KENNETH ARD
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5757952 FELIPE ARELLANO
2560324 RICHARD JOSEPH ARENA, JR
826440 LOUIS PATRICK ARENA
1083897 THOMAS MICHAEL ARETZ
5884590 FERNANDO L AREVALO
4418605 STEVEN JOHN ARGO
2518033 ALBERTO ENRIQUE ARGOMANIZ
4335211 LUIS ARGUELLES
4556162 MAXI JOEL ARIAS
2957096 CHRISTOPHER B ARIOLA
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2877644 SHAWN PAUL ARLAUCKAS
4993347 IVAN ARMAS
3117506 JOSEPH E ARMENTA
1213772 MICHAEL EDWARD ARMENTROUT
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1041078 GARY THOMAS ARMITAGE
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4192536 DEBBIE SUE ARNOLD
2550256 JACK ALEXANDER ARNOLD
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2278472 PAUL DAVID ARNOLD
1817656 ROBERT PAUL ARNOLD
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5443201 GAUTAM ARORA
6212050 JONATHAN ARROYO
4163052 JOSE A ARTETA
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1864083 ANDREW MARKMAN ARTHUR
6440268 KERBYE ARTHUR
2374368 HERIBERTO AMERICO ARTIGA, SR
1991130 CHRISTOPHER JOSEPH ARTS
1324218 LORIANN ARTZBERGER
4209245 HILDA ASENCIO
1148811 MANUEL PETER ASENSIO
4096004 KEITH TODD ASHLEY
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5794420 BRETT ALEXANDER ASHY
5172158 GENE MICHAEL ASKINS
2849493 MICHAEL JOHN ASSENZA
5137579 MARCELO L ASSIS
3165470 WILLIAM NICHOLAS ATHAS
2589195 PROSPERO ATIENZA, JR
6348394 Lorenzo Atkins
1438065 JAMES RAY ATRAT
1132472 RYAN JERRY ATTENSON
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5481214 AARON L AUSTIN
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5803618 PHILLIP K AUSTIN
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7331393 Brandon Autiero
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4192196 TAAL ALEXANDER AVIAD
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9148 MICHAEL GERARDY AWES
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2467912 EDWIN AYALA
2197712 DENNIS O AYERS
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1127162 JOSEPH KESL AYLWARD
5365176 DENNIS PHILLIP AYRE
4798445 MASOOD HUSAIN AZAD
5880708 KAMRAN AZIM
1721932 SAM AZIZ
2446677 JOSEPH JOHN AZZATA

B
1276193 WILLIAM CECIL BABB, III
6123929 CHRISTOPHER BRYAN BABBITT
5004907 CHRISTOPHER SOMES BABCOCK
4617436 RICHARD WENDELL BABICH
5387332 MALCOLM J BABIN
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2376943 MICHAEL BABYAK JR, II
1011097 RICHARD HANS BACH
1033017 LOUIS JOSEPH BACHER, JR
5261603 BRETT E BACKERMAN
2022409 JEFFREY LYLE BACLET
4064268 JOHN ROBERT BACON
1957919 THOMAS DEAN BADE
5902742 ZACHARY T. BADER
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3201089 PHILIP BAGALANON
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3178716 MARIO BAGO
10084 WOODLEY HANNON BAGWELL
4465228 JEREMY BRIAN BAGWILL
6067377 AMADOU BAH
5136334 MICHAEL BAHAR
1569518 TERRY DEAN BAHGAT
10092 MILES ARTHUR BAHL
859930 WILLIAM MILTON BAHR
5135311 IGNACIO ANDRES BAIGORRIA
7096388 Imani L Bailey
1756858 JERRY DON BAILEY
4608681 JOSEPH DALYN BAILEY
4944448 KENIA BAILEY
6521977 MICHAEL GEORGE BAILEY
4163297 RICHARD EUGENE BAILEY
5400845 SHERETTA A BAILEY
3097243 DAMIAN MARK BAIRD
6501692 WESSAM BAIZ
4873334 AIDA BAKAMOVIC
3153629 DONALD L BAKER, II
5394639 ANDREW CHARLES BAKER
10600 CHARLES RONALD BAKER
1639374 CHRISTIAN WEEKLEY BAKER
4493790 DEAN RUSSEL BAKER
3214470 FRANK BAKER
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6623314 JESSE BAKER
6463146 JOSHUA GREGORY BAKER
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2885880 MOHAMED BAKSH
5523079 SARAVANA RAM BALAKRISHNAN
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5165930 SHONDEEP SAJAN BALCHANDANI
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2917763 JAMES KIRK BALDI
5381450 HEIDI JO BALDRIDGE
2976766 TROY CHRISTOPHER BALDRIDGE
4281564 SHAWN DERRICK BALDWIN, MR.
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5917243 MICHAEL BANJANY
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6376630 ROHIT BANSAL
5706315 JOSE L BANUELOS
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5647121 STEVEN NEIL BARBOT
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2447501 ROBERT GLENN BARD
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3243595 BRIAN COLEMAN BARGE
6674648 Kelley Macon Barham, Jr
2748877 JAMES LOUIS BARI
1255255 ANTHONY HAROLD BARKATE
2474154 RANDALL C. BARKER
4754577 SCOTT DEE BARKER
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5504882 Robert Barnard
4656593 DAMON LEE BARNES
2292179 LEVINSKI DEALEXIS BARNES
4577695 ALONZA BARNETT, JR
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5002855 ADRIAN ROBERT BARR
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5441006 JOEL BARRETT
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1088520 JAMES ISAAC BARRICK, III
4761986 TABOR ALAN BARRICK
1022433 DIANE LOUISE BARRIGA
2122824 NICOLAS JESUS BARRIOS
3103134 KERRY DEXTER BARRIS
1020898 VAL U BARRUTIA
1377935 DONALD ANDREW BARTELT
3122838 ALAN EDMUND BARTHOLEMY, JR
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5405555 JEVON WILLIAM BARTLEY
1077607 WILLIAM ROSS BARTO
6908590 Thomas Patrick Barton, III
5884591 JOSHUA M BARTON
718185 JOSEPH FRANCIS BARTOSIEWICZ, JR
4805130 NATHAN D BARTOW
2104489 RONALD G BARTSCH
5077566 JEFFREY DANIEL BASFORD
3218720 EDWARD DEE BASHAM
2239782 DONNY MENASHE BASHKIN
4025062 INNA BASIEVA
2392772 ROBERT LEE BASILE
5713753 DONNA A BASKERVILLE
4388378 EDDIE BASORA, JR.
2990346 BILAL BASRAI
14385 GARY JOHN BASRALIAN
1165415 JUDY DAVIS BASS
2913362 JAMES LEE BASSA, JR
6015424 MICHAEL ANTHONY BASTARDI
5511706 ERIC MICHAEL BASTARDO
6570886 ROBERTO OMAR BASTARDO
5257073 LOUISE M BATCHELOR
2124129 ALEX ERNESTO BATLLE
2171601 MARTIN DAVID BATSTONE
6229734 LUCIANO ANDRES BATTIOLI
4652820 SAMMY BATTISTA
6015345 LARRY DIANTE BATTISTE
3187137 DAVID HARRY, MICHAEL BAUDO
2552478 GREGORY RUSSEL BAUER
1902320 JAMES PATRICK BAUER
2087276 ANDREW WILLIAM BAUM
5407548 DIANNE MARIE BAUM
5007841 JON JOSEPH BAUMAN
2837559 RICHARD ANDREW BAUMEL
4684408 CONSTANCE MULHERIN BAUMGARN
5025273 NICHOLAS ANTHONY BAUMGARTNER
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2990440 JOHN MICHAEL BAYER
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4065458 VICKI DONNA BEALMAN
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1064989 KENNETH BRUCE BECK
3048844 PETER BECK
5550802 STEVEN P BECK
1491140 DONALD SHERMAN BECKER
4323217 MICHAEL JOSEPH BECKER
2706294 RANDALL TODD BECKER
2084248 SHEPARD ROY BECKER
4363085 STEPHANIE ANN BECKER
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3195313 CISLYN LOUISE BECKFORD
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3111079 LOUIS WILLIAM BEDINOTTI
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2248923 GREGG ALAN BEEMER
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1246183 BRYAN SCOTT BEHRENS
2986562 ROBERT JOHN BEIHOFF
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5431139 EMA BEKIROVIK
5870019 JASON MICHAEL BELAJACK
5221927 ADAM GERARD BELARDINO
2035064 BRIAN THOMAS BELDYK
2707354 ANASTASIOS P BELESIS
4860444 GEORGE BELESIS
2700118 HURSON BELIZAIRE, JR
6168292 WILBERT NORMAN BELIZAIRE, JR
4495421 FRANCIOS WOLFFE BELIZAIRE
3176804 HENRY BELKIN
1055210 KENWYN JOHN BELKOT
5316645 ERIN MICHELLE BELL
2191634 KENNETH RAY BELL
2065556 RICKY EUGENE BELL
1204847 ORVILLE DALE BELLAMY
4422333 BARRY LEE BELLAN
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6974662 CYNTERA ANN BELSER
2271077 RAYMOND JOHN BELSKI
1759651 RANDY LEE BELTRAMEA
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1616847 RODNEY LYNN BELZER
2980331 RONNIE BEN-ARON
2579528 CHARLES LEWIS BENDER, III
1374304 BROOKES MCINTOSH BENDETSEN
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5607996 CAROL J BENGE
2851516 JEFFERY BENJAMIN
6152653 Jermaine K Benjamin
6231794 MICHAEL W BENJAMIN
4489423 MICHAEL J BENN
2254995 WESLEY ARTHUR BENNETT, JR
2510231 CHRISTOPHER DUKE BENNETT
1567051 DAWN BENNETT
5213257 ELIJAH DEAN BENNETT
2395555 HARRY COLON BENNETT
2283625 JOHN AUSTIN BENNETT
3219787 MICHELLE R BENNETT
2663117 PATRICIA ANN BENNETT
1610642 RALPH EARL BENNETT
4600005 REGINALD CHARLES BENNETT
5890347 STEFANI ANN BENNETT
2002792 ROBERT MARK BENNING
18463 CLYDE ALLEN BENNINGHOFF
807506 BRYAN EDWIN BENSON
5581873 MAURICE ELYEZER BENSOUSSAN
1306247 RADCLIFFE ST AUBYN BENT
2169897 JOSEPH DANIEL BENTER
4636923 NICHOLAS P BENTIVEGNA
2709062 CAMERON MICHAEL BENTON
1428919 ROBERT LAWRENCE BENTON
1548330 PAUL JOSEPH BENZ
6568650 FLORJAN BEQO
5103672 JON MURAT BERET
6695171 Tonia Renee Berg
3208127 BRIAN MICHAEL BERGER
2284367 HOWARD BRETT BERGER
5535698 JOSEPH C BERGERON
6745156 Joseph Charles Berghausen
5630238 BRITNEY L BERGUM
19421 MARTIN MARVIN BERK
2308190 JAY STUART BERKMAN
19483 MALCOLM JAY BERKO
4787371 BRIAN SETH BERKOWICZ
19495 DAVID MELVILLE BERKOWITZ
4251362 GREGG ARNOLD BERLIN
2413745 GARY IRVING BERMAN
7127759 Matthew Tyler Berman
5526970 REED FRANCIS BERMINGHAM
818057 CHARLES THOMAS BERNARDO, SR
2535421 BARBARAANN BERNATZKY
5651609 AMANDA YVONNE BERRY
1300104 CHARLES WAYNE BERRY
[/quote]
[/quote]
2024-06-13 at 3:51 AM UTC
#700

the man who put it in my hood Black Hole

DigiByte
Community
Infopaper
V1.0
Introduction & History
DigiByte is a truly decentralized UTXO blockchain that was fairly launched on
January 10, 2014. DigiByte is also truly permissionless, since there is no central
controlling authority. Accordingly, this Community Infopaper is written without
requiring authorization from any single individual.
The DigiByte blockchain is an immutable ledger, a chain of blocks all with
verifiable digital signatures since its creation in 2014 and backed by billions of
dollars of cryptographic computation. Its blockchain is also fully open-source,
released under the MIT license, and completely verifiable by any individual or
entity. DigiByte embraces the Bitcoin core ethos of “Do not trust, verify”, in that
no entity should ever need be “trusted” in order to send/receive DigiByte (DGB)
or to store/retrieve data from the DigiByte blockchain.
DigiByte originally utilized the Litecoin code-base, with a completely independent
blockchain and a unique Genesis Block. It has undergone several
non-contentious soft-forks and hard-forks, none of which culminated in a
chain-split, but rather a complete consensus resulting in seamless upgrades of
the entire DigiByte network.
DigiByte never held an ICO, but was fairly launched in an open and transparently
planned manner. DigiByte does not take a percentage of block-rewards for a
founders fee. The minimal 0.5% pre-mine was given away in its entirety to
community members in the first month of its existence in order to incentivize
early client downloads, ensure the survival of the blockchain, and to develop the
original Android/iOS applications.
1
DigiByte focuses on speed, security, and scalability. It prides itself with being
“faster, more secure, forward thinking”. With significantly faster block timings
than any other UTXO blockchain to date (15 seconds), DigiByte has encountered
and overcome a number of issues that many other blockchains such as Bitcoin
will not face until the advent of the next century. It is due to this forward thinking
nature that DigiByte adopted the SegWit protocol through a soft-fork consensus
in 2017, being the first major blockchain to do so, well before Litecoin or Bitcoin
adopted the upgrade.
DigiByte believes in on-chain scalability as a core tenet of its blockchain, with
“second layer” protocols never expected to be the primary “solution” for
increased throughput or transaction capacity. This on-chain scaling coupled
with OP_codes and SegWit allows for a large number of usage scenarios, such
as distributed applications (DApps), document notarization/validation, token
issuance, and asset digitization.
DigiByte has a maximum supply of 21 billion DigiByte, to be fully mined by the
year 2035. While other blockchains only utilize a single mining algorithm to mine
new blocks and introduce new assets into circulation, DigiByte has employed
five unique and independent algorithms in a “MultiAlgo” solution since block
145,000 in September 2014. DigiByte holds the dominant hash-power in 3 of its
5 algorithms globally, by an order of magnitude more than any other competing
blockchain. This provides greater security to the network while helping prevent
any “rented hash power” from attacking the blockchain.
DigiByte continues to pioneer in the areas of security based on the “forward
thinking” of its foundation by creating the Odocrypt algorithm. Odocrypt is a
mining algorithm which rewrites and morphs itself every 10 days in order to
prevent ASIC dominance, focusing on utilizing FPGA mining. Future algorithms
will also likely be replaced as necessary on an on-going basis to ensure
maximum security of the DigiByte network, while simultaneously expanding
upon the decentralization/distribution of the DigiByte blockchain.
DigiByte has been leading innovation with the industry-renowned DigiShield, a
real-time difficulty adjustment mechanism which ensures the stability of block
generation timing, despite exponential increases/decreases in mining hash
power. DigiShield is utilized in a respectable number of other major
cryptocurrency/blockchain projects, such as Dogecoin, ZCash and dozens more.
DigiShield was originally created for a single mining algorithm, and shortly after
DigiByte changed to MultiAlgo, it was ported and upgraded to become
MultiShield. This allows for regular block timings across multiple mining
algorithms, as well as an even block mining distribution between algorithms,
while also preventing mining dominance in the event of a sudden inflow/outflow
of substantial mining hash power.
2
DigiByte Key Specifications
Launch Date January 10th, 2014
Genesis Block Hash "USA Today: 10/Jan/2014, Target: Data stolen
from up to 110M customers"
Blockchain Type Public, Decentralized, UTXO, Proof of Work,
Multi-Algorithm
Ticker Symbol DGB
Maximum supply 21,000,000,000
Block Reward Reduction 1% reduction monthly
Block emission schedule Fully mined by 2035
Mining Algorithms SHA256, Scrypt, Odocrypt, Skein & Qubit
Algorithm Block Share 20% per-algo, contested each block
Difficulty Retarget Every block, 5 separate difficulties (Per-algo)
Block Timing 15 seconds per-block (75 per-algo approx)
Segregated Witness Support Yes (First major blockchain to activate)
3
Key Aspects of DigiByte
Decentralization
DigiByte is the most decentralized Proof-of-Work-mined blockchain in the world.
Decentralization means there is no central controlling entity that is able to
dictate direction, terms, use of the network, changes, charges and fees, locking
of funds, or undoing transactions. Although the world predominantly
understands centralized control, the mind-shift to decentralization is an
incredibly important progression in today’s global society. Where many other
cryptocurrencies concede significant compromises in one or more aspects of
decentralization (if not all), DigiByte remains unwavering in its dedication to
decentralization as a key aspect of being a globally distributed blockchain
solution.
DigiByte maintains this decentralization through a combination of methods,
namely:
1) Multiple algorithms;
2) GPU/FPGA mining;
3) On-chain scaling;
4) Educating the importance of running a full-node;
5) Embracing code contributions that uphold the ethos of DigiByte.
This decentralized nature is of vital importance not only for the survival of the
DigiByte blockchain, but also to prevent any tampering from malicious actors,
governments or corporations. Due to the lack of any “head” or controlling party,
there is no entity to manipulate, blackmail, or “lean on”. In a world growing ever
divided, there is solace in the consensus of the DigiByte network, that it can be
relied upon as accurate and truthful without reservation.
4
Pure Consensus
This consensus is the core foundation of the DigiByte blockchain. Since its
inception in January 2014, DigiByte has had its consensus mechanism reliant on
the belief in on-chain scaling, speed, security, and forward-thinking progression
of the DigiByte blockchain.
This consensus is obtained through a vastly distributed network of nodes
running the Core DigiByte wallet, which holds a complete and continuously
updated copy of the DigiByte blockchain, as well as block creation via the
“Proof-of-Work” (POW) mining method. Other blockchains have shown that
Staking, Distributed Proof-of-Stake, and other such poor attempts at alternative
consensus methods are far too susceptible to centralization, manipulation, and
tampering by various malicious individuals or organizations. Similarly, trusting a
3rd-party for consensus defeats the purpose of being a distributed and
decentralized blockchain in the first place, with users genuinely being better off
with a centralized database.
Permissionless Network
DigiByte is a completely permissionless blockchain. Since there is no centrally
controlling entity to dictate the network, there is no need to seek “permission”
from anyone. As such, permission is implied no matter what “use case” you
would like to implement or accomplish with DigiByte. Examples include
advertising the acceptance of DigiByte as a payment method, listing DigiByte on
an exchange, using DigiByte with your platform/service, or when
spending/sending/receiving DigiByte. In addition, anyone is free to speak on
behalf of DigiByte, to promote DigiByte, or to even author a community Infopaper
such as this.
5
Proof-of-Work is the only proven and reliable method of obtaining a distributed
and decentralized consensus (A solution to the Byzantine Generals Problem),
which is why DigiByte proudly remains true to POW. Proponents of alternatives
usually cite delays in block creation and propagation; however, thanks to
DigiSpeed, the DigiByte blockchain overcomes this. Which is why the most
battle-hardened POW consensus method is still being utilized today for DigiByte.
There has never been any rational argument against the ability of POW to arrive
at a sound consensus.
DigiByte’s permissionless nature is both a by-product of decentralization, as well
as an intentional aspect that the community deeply values and celebrates. This
is what also prevents influence, changes, or take-overs by malicious parties,
because the permissionless nature requires consensus from the majority of the
network. It is a key characteristic of DigiByte which has held up against any
would-be attempts from malicious actors for the past six years and counting.
On-Chain Scaling
DigiByte is a network that believes on-chain scaling should be the primary
method for future growth in transaction volume and frequency. A true
transaction only happens when it occurs on-chain and has been incorporated
into the blockchain. Compare this to second-layer methods where transacting
can occur without ever being presented to the network, thus defeating one of the
primary reasons blockchain as a technology was created, immutability.
Broad support & network participation
DigiByte aspires to be broadly supported across a variety of platforms, to
encourage participation from as many entities as possible. Part of pushing the
boundaries regarding block timings / sizes means that not all will be able to
participate with a full Core Node (for example, drivespace / data transfer /
memory requirements), however broad support is available across Windows,
Linux & OSX.
DigiByte development has also intentionally added backwards compatibility for
older versions of Android that are prominent in developing & impoverished
nations. This allows for greater participation, despite aging hardware devices.
Broad network participation is also why the Android / iOS applications have
been translated to 50+ native languages.
6
The very essence of the DigiByte blockchain is predicated upon the fact that all
blocks since the very first Genesis Block are able to be replayed and
cryptographically validated, with all transactions being visible. There are no
anonymous/shielded transactions employed, as DigiByte believes a key defense
for anonymity is the significant growth of on-chain transactions and the
pseudo-anonymous nature of the UTXO’s architecture. In keeping with that
philosophy, the DigiByte blockchain will scale in future through block-size
increases, with proposals for the size to double every 2 years.
Protocol Upgrades
DigiByte at Launch
DigiByte was the brainchild of Jared Tate, who wanted to create a blockchain
that addressed many of the perceived shortcomings of Bitcoin. DigiByte
originally started out as a Scrypt-only mined blockchain, with 60 second block
times and a two hour difficulty retargeting frequency. Compared to every other
Proof-of-Work UTXO blockchain that existed during its 2014 launch, this was
considered incredibly revolutionary, and still is to this day. Although the
block-timing has changed with network upgrades, the maximum supply of
DigiByte will always remain fixed at 21 billion and the last DigiByte to be mined
is scheduled to occur prior to the year 2035. DigiByte was created to be
“forward-thinking”, with two primary objectives: cybersecurity and on-chain
scalability. This is why the news article headline “USA Today: 10/Jan/2014,
Target: Data stolen from up to 110M customers” was hashed into the Genesis
Block. These guiding principles have remained in effect over the past five years,
and will continue to guide the future of DigiByte.
DigiShield
During the launch of DigiByte back in 2014, most blockchains utilized either
SHA256 or Scrypt algorithms. Mining pools that would automatically
profit-switch known as “Multipools” would regularly switch back and forth
between cryptocurrencies that they mined, depending on the mining difficulty
and the block-rewards. Miners utilizing these Multipools would have their
hashing power changed between a variety of blockchains - such as from
DigiByte to Dogecoin to Litecoin.
These fluctuations would cause blockchains to sometimes experience
exponential increases in mining hash-power of up to 10 times the normal level,
which would rapidly speed up block production until the next difficulty retarget.
Once the difficulty retarget for the blockchain had occurred, making mining
more difficult and less profitable, the hash-power would then be taken to
another more profitable blockchain. This led to many blockchains seeing a rush
of block production, followed by a complete stalling when the hash-power fell
off. Some blockchains could go for days without a block being found as a result
of the major difficulty adjustment. This unsustainable volatility led to the
development of DigiShield. DigiShield was created as a mechanism for real-time
adjustment of block-difficulty, which allows for the effective handling of sudden
influxes of mining hash-power or the equally significant outflux.
7
This prevented “chain-freeze” and also helped smooth out block creation times.
DigiShield was implemented on the DigiByte network as the first protocol
upgrade on February 28, 2018 at block height 67,200.
The DigiByte core developers then directly assisted the Dogecoin development
team to implement DigiShield, another of many blockchains that had been
suffering as a result of erratic Multipool hash-power swings. DigiShield has
since been implemented in dozens of other blockchains such as Zcash, Ubiq,
and Monacoin.
MultiAlgo
DigiByte upgraded its network yet again on September 1, 2014 at block height
145,000 with the implementation of multiple mining algorithms. While some
blockchains had initially launched with multiple mining algorithms, DigiByte was
the first blockchain to upgrade from single to multiple algorithms.
The change to five algorithms (SHA256, Scrypt, Qubit, Myr-gr and Skein) was
initiated in order to improve the security of the blockchain, while allowing for
equitably distributed mining, decentralization, and increased protection from
51% attacks. By having some of the algorithms remaining “GPU friendly”, it
allowed for people to mine DigiByte from home, contributing to the security of
the DigiByte network from their desktop PC.
It was also at this point where the block timing was adjusted from 60 seconds to
30 seconds, which was approximately 150 seconds in between each mining
algorithm finding a block. This further affirmed DigiByte as a leader in the UTXO
blockchain space and was also the second seamless and non-contentious
network upgrade that DigiByte successfully executed.
8
MultiShield
Since DigiShield was originally created only for single mining-algorithm
blockchains, this necessitated the launch of the MultiShield network upgrade
which occurred on December 10, 2014 at block height 400,000. The MultiShield
upgrade allowed for the real-time mining difficulty adjustment of DigiByte spread
across all 5x algorithms, which further ensured that block timings would remain
steady. MultiShield also allows for a sudden influx and exit of hash-power on
one or more mining algorithms, all in real-time, further protecting the DigiByte
network.
MultiShield works by increasing the difficulty for an algorithm every time it finds
a block, while simultaneously decreasing the difficulty of the other algorithms,
which protects against a single-algorithm takeover. Should a manufacturer of an
ASIC ever be found to intentionally or inadvertently placing a back-door into their
miners that would allow them to redirect the hash rate elsewhere, MultiShield
would prevent that malicious hashrate from affecting the production of blocks
and a double-spend occurring. Where other single-algorithm blockchains would
fall victim to such an attack, or to pool collusion from 2-3 operators, MultiShield
would render such an attack futile.
Even if an attacker was able to secure 90% of the hash rate on their primary
attack algorithm, and 35% on the remaining 4 algorithms, they would still not
have the majority of hash power and be unable to successfully attack the
DigiByte network.
Rented attacks are the most common types of attacks on single-algorithm
blockchains, however despite there being several SHA256 pools which have over
50% of the hash-power of the entire DigiByte network, that is still insufficient to
attack against MultiShield. Should an attacker somehow gain control of all the
remaining SHA256 hashpower being used by BTC in the whole world (61,000
PH/s at the time of writing), they would have 2^10 SHA256 hashpower
compared to DigiBytes 40PH/s. Attempting to attack DigiByte with that hash
power would double the difficulty every 5x blocks, meaning that after approx 50
blocks (12.5 minutes) the honest miners would have outpaced such a
doublespend attempt. By contrast, that same hashpower could be used to
attack any other SHA256-only blockchain such as BTC, BCH, BSV repeatedly and
continuously. It is for this reason that many exchanges require a mere 40 block
confirmation (10 minutes) for most deposits.
9
MultiShield also renders DigiByte impervious to the plague of single-algorithm
51% attacks that rented hash power made so common during 2018, along
with the timestamp vulnerability attacks that affected other multi-algorithm
blockchains.
Since 2018, DigiByte has constantly remained the dominant global hash-power
for Qubit, Myr-Gr, and Skein by an order of magnitude, and now also with the
Odocrypt algorithm.
MultiShield was the third seamless and non-contentious network upgrade that
DigiByte successfully executed.
DigiSpeed
The DigiSpeed upgrade also implemented a block-size doubling every two years
in order to consistently increase the transaction processing capacity twofold
until the year 2035. This was done in order for DigiByte to remain true to its
ethos of always being forward-thinking, in order to prepare the network for
growth and avoid being limited by an insufficient block size. However, the
block-size doubling aspect was grandfathered as part of the SegWit upgrade,
due to it’s 4X weighted capacity increase, with expectations of further
refinement and reimplementation in the future.

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