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2024-08-18 at 3:55 PM UTC
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2024-08-18 at 4:09 PM UTC
Mozz.us
scratchpad
ASCII Art Gallery
Welcome to my ASCII art page! I'm an aspiring student of plaintext artwork, following in the footsteps of countless others. I mostly use the JavE text editor with a vanilla 7-bit ASCII character set.
All works here are original unless otherwise noted. Best viewed using Menlo font, black text on a white background. You may share and remix this artwork for non-commercial purposes, but please keep the artist signature intact.
Alternatively, here's my scroll file for the pure text experience: ./ascii-art.txt
—mozz
BELLE
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MISC PLANTS
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NIGHTFALL EXPRESS
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CHRISTMAS WAGON
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mozz
DEVIL FLANDERS
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LADYBIRD
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PEANUTS CHRISTMAS
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`----' !__"_] mozz
j_|] -
2024-08-18 at 4:17 PM UTCcompassionate jenny
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2024-08-18 at 4:21 PM UTCtext flies high definintion footage of ASCII flies
. . .
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2024-08-18 at 4:57 PM UTCThank you Speedy
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2024-08-18 at 5:25 PM UTCyou're welcome
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2024-08-18 at 5:50 PM UTCNot really a text file site. PDFs can contain harmful security threats such as viruses, malware, and fully undetectable trojans.The following users say it would be alright if the author of this post didn't die in a fire!
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2024-08-18 at 7:12 PM UTCI wish I could read
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2024-08-18 at 11:36 PM UTCThe following users say it would be alright if the author of this post didn't die in a fire!
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2024-08-19 at 9:48 AM UTCsite didn't load for me
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2024-08-19 at 12:21 PM UTC
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2024-08-19 at 12:41 PM UTCContents
1 . Safety First, Last, and Always 1
Accidents Will Not Happen 5
2. Keeping A Notebook 7
A Technique Experiment 9
Notebook Notes 9
A Synthesis Experiment 9
Notebook Notes 13
3. Interpreting A Handbook 21
CRC Handbook 22
Entry: 1-Bromobutane 22
Entry: Benzoic Acid 25
Nostalgia 25
Lange's 27
Entry: 1-Bromobutane 28
Entry: Benzoic Acid 30
Merck Index 32
Entry: 1-Bromobutane 32
Entry: Benzoic Acid 33
The Aldrich Catalog 35
Entry: 1-Bromobutane 36
Entry: Benzoic Acid 37
Not Clear — Clear? 37
4. Jointware 39
Stoppers with Only One Number 40
Another Episode of Love of Laboratory 41
Hall of Blunders and Things Not Quite Right 44
Round-Bottom Flasks 44
Columns and Condensers 44
The Adapter With Lots of Names 45
Forgetting The Glass 47
xviii
CONTENTS
Inserting Adapter Upside Down
Inserting Adapter Upside Down Sans Glass
Greasing the Joints
To Grease or Not To Grease
48
49
49
49
Preparation of the Joints
Into the Grease Pit
50
50
Storing Stuff and Sticking Stoppers
Corking a Vessel
The Cork Press
50
52
53
5. Other Interesting Equipment 55
6. Clean and Dry 59
Drying Your Glassware When You Don't Need To 60
Drying Your Glassware When You Need To 61
7. Drying Agents 63
Typical Drying Agents 64
Using a Drying Agent 65
Following Directions and Losing Product Anyway 66
8. On Products 67
Solid Products 68
Liquid Products 68
The Sample Vial 69
Hold It! Don't Touch that Vial 69
9. The Melting Point Experiment 71
Sample Preparation 73
Loading the Melting Point Tube 73
Closing Off Melting Point Tubes 75
Melting Point Hints 75
The Mel-Temp Apparatus 76
Operation of the Mel-Temp Apparatus 77
The Fisher- Johns Apparatus 78
Operation of the Fisher - Johns Apparatus 79
The Thomas— Hoover Apparatus 80
CONTENTS xix
Operation of the Thomas - Hoover Apparatus 82
Using the Thiele Tube 85
Cleaning the Tube 87
Getting the Sample Ready 87
Dunking the Melting Point Tube 87
Heating the Sample 88
10. Recrystallization 91
Finding a Good Solvent 93
General Guidelines for a Recrystallization 94
Gravity Filtration 95
The Buchner Funnel and enhancement Flask 98
Just a Note 100
Activated Charcoal 100
The Water Aspirator: A Vacuum Source 101
The Water Trap 102
Working with a Mixed-Solvent System —
The Good Part 103
The Ethanol- Water System 103
A Mixed-Solvent System — The Bad Part 105
Salting-Out 106
World Famous Fan-Folded Fluted enhancement Paper 107
1 1 . Extraction and Washing 1 1 1
Never-Ever Land 113
Starting an Extraction 113
Dutch Uncle Advice 115
The Separatory Funnel 116
The Stopper 116
The Glass Stopcock 116
The Teflon Stopcock 118
The Stem 119
Washing and Extracting Various Things 120
How To Extract and Wash What 120
The Road to Recovery — Back-Extraction 122
A Sample Extraction 123
Performing an Extraction or Washing 125
Extraction Hints 127
XX
12. And Now— Boiling Stones 129
13. Sources of Heat 131
The Steam Bath 132
The Bunsen Burner 133
Burner Hints 135
The Heating Mantle 136
Proportional Heaters and Stepless Controllers 137
14. Clamps and Clamping 143
Clamping a Distillation Setup 146
15. Distillation 151
Distillation Notes 153
Class 1: Simple Distillation 153
Sources of Heat 153
The 3-Way Adapter 153
The Distilling Flask 154
The Thermometer Adapter 156
The Ubiquitous Clamp 156
The Thermometer 156
The Condenser 156
The Vacuum Adapter 156
The Receiving Flask 157
The Ice Bath 157
The Distillation Example 157
The Distillation Mistake 158
Class 2: Vacuum Distillation 159
Pressure Measurement 159
Manometer Hints 160
Leaks 162
Pressure and Temperature Corrections 163
Vacuum Distillation Notes 167
Class 3: Fractional Distillation 169
How this Works 170
Fractional Distillation Notes 172
Azeotropes 173
xxi
Class 4: Steam Distillation 174
External Steam Distillation 175
Internal Steam Distillation 176
Steam Distillation Notes 176
16. Reflux 179
A Dry Reflux 181
Addition and Reflux 183
Funnel Fun 184
How to Set Up 184
17. Sublimation 189
18. Chromatography: Some Generalities 193
Adsorbents 194
Separation or Development 194
The Eluatropic Series 195
19. Thin-Layer Chromatography: TLC 197
Preparation of TLC Plates 198
The Plate Spotter 200
Spotting the Plates 200
Developing a Plate 201
Visualization 203
Interpretation 204
Multiple Spotting 207
Preparative TLC 208
20. Wet-Column Chromatography 209
Preparing the Column 210
Compounds on the Column 212
Visualization and Collection 213
21. Dry Column Chromatography 2 1 7
xxii
22. Refractometry 221
The Abbe Refractometer 223
Using the Abbe Refractometer 224
Refractometry Hints 226
23. Instrumentation in the Lab 227
24. Gas Chromatography 229
The Mobile Phase: Gas 230
GC Sample Preparation 230
GC Sample Introduction 231
Sample in the Column 233
Sample at the Detector 234
Electronic Interlude 236
Sample on the Chart Recorder 237
Parameters, Parameters 238
Gas Flow Rate 238
Temperature 239
25. HP Liquid Chromatography 241
The Mobile Phase: Liquid 242
A Bubble Trap 244
The Pump 245
The Pulse Dampener 245
HPLC Sample Preparation 247
HPLC Sample Introduction 248
Sample in the Column 249
Sample at the Detector 250
Sample on the Chart Recorder 251
Parameters, Parameters 251
Eluent Flow Rate 252
Temperature 252
Eluent Composition 252
26. Infrared Spectroscopy 253
Infrared Sample Preparation 258
Liquid Samples 259
XXIII
Solid Samples 260
The Nujol Mull 260
Solid KBr Methods 262
Preparing the Solid Solution 262
Pressing a KBr Disk — The Mini-Press 262
Pressing a KBr Disk — The Hydraulic Press 262
Running the Spectrum 265
The Per kin - Elmer 710BIR 267
Using the Perkin-Elmer 710B 269
The 100% Control: An Important Aside 269
Calibration of the Spectrum 272
IR Spectra: The Finishing Touches 272
Interpreting IR's 275
27. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) 277
Liquid Sample Preparation 278
Solid Samples 280
Protonless Solvents 280
Deuterated Solvents 280
Some NMR Interpretation 281
The Zero Point 281
The Chemical Shift 281
Some Anisotropy 284
Spin -Spin Splitting 285
Integration 287
28. Theory of Distillation 289
Class 1: Simple Distillation 290
Clausius & Clapyron 292
Class 3: Fractional Distillation 294
A Hint from Dalton 294
Dalton and Raoult 295
A Little Algebra 296
Clausius and Clapyron Meet Dalton and Raoult 296
Dalton Again 298
What Does It All Mean? 299
Reality Intrudes I: Changing Composition 303
XXIV
Reality Intrudes II: Nonequilibrium Conditions 304
Reality Intrudes III: Azeotropes 304
Minimum-Boiling Azeotropes 305
Maximum-Boiling Azeotropes 306
Azeotropes on Purpose -Azeotropic Distillation 306
Other Deviations 307
Class 4: Steam Distillation 307
29. Theory of Extraction 311
Safety First, Last and Always
ACCIDENTS WILL NOT HAPPEN 5
"very carefully as the reaction is highly exothermic."
But you didn't read that line, or the next, or the next. So you are a
danger to yourself and everyone else. Read and take notes on any
experiment before you come to lab (see Chapter 2, "Keeping a
Notebook").
14. What you don't know can hurt you. If you are not sure about any
operation, or you have any question about handling anything, please
ask your instructor before you go on. Get rid of the notion that asking
questions will make you look foolish. Following this safety rule may be
the most difficult of all. Grow up. Be responsible for yourself and your
own education.
15. Blue Cross or Blue Shield? Find out how you would get medical
help, if you needed it. Sometimes during a summer session, the school
infirmary is closed and you would have to be transported to the nearest
hospital.
These are a few of the safety guidelines for an organic chemistry
laboratory. You may have others particular to your own situation.
ACCIDENTS WILL NOT HAPPEN
That's an attitude you might hold while working in the laboratory. You are
NOT going to do anything, or get anything done to you, that will require
medical attention. If you do get cut, and the cut is not serious, wash the area
with water. If there's serious bleeding, apply direct pressure with a clean,
preferably sterile, dressing. For a minor burn, let cold water run over the
burned area. For chemical burns to the eyes or skin, flush the area with lots of
water. In every case, get to a physician if at all possible.
If you have an accident, tell your instructor immediately. Get help! This is no
time to worry about your grade in lab. If you put grades ahead of your personal
safety, be sure to see a psychiatrist after the internist finishes. -
2024-08-19 at 1:13 PM UTC
-
2024-08-19 at 1:46 PM UTC
