2021-09-11 at 7:42 PM UTC
I won this thread: vaccines are safe and effective and soiboi is a small homosexual
2021-09-11 at 8:28 PM UTC
Originally posted by ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
Gene therapies have never been tried on humans before.
The concept of gene therapy was introduced in the late 1970s after the development of recombinant DNA technology. After the development of basic science and technology for gene transfer into patient's cells, the first gene therapy trial on humans was performed in 1990 by researchers at the National Institutes of Health. A four-year-old girl was treated for adenosine deaminase deficiency (ADA), a rare genetic disease in which children are born with severe immunodeficiency and are prone to repeated serious infections. Gene therapy has since been applied in clinical trials to treat a variety of diseases.
Try again mr science
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2021-09-11 at 8:33 PM UTC
The concepts of gene therapy arose initially during the 1960s and early 1970s whilst the development of genetically marked cells lines and the clarification of mechanisms of cell transformation by the papaovaviruses polyoma and SV40 was in progress. With the arrival of recombinant DNA techniques, cloned genes became available and were used to demonstrate that foreign genes could indeed correct genetic defects and disease phenotypes in mammalian cells in vitro. Efficient retroviral vectors and other gene transfer methods have permitted convincing demonstrations of efficient phenotype correction in vitro and in vivo, now making gene therapy a broadly accepted approach to therapy and justifying clinically applied studies with human patients.
2021-09-11 at 8:35 PM UTC
And finally
Gene therapy - from idea to reality Gene therapy was originally proposed 45 years ago, but it is only during the last 5-10 years that significant clinical benefit has been demonstrated. Gene therapy is in most cases in the form of engineered viruses carrying a therapeutic gene. Examples of successfully treated disorders are primary immunodeficiencies and hemophilias. In some cases, gene therapy consists of genetically modified cells, such as when chimeric antigen receptors are stably introduced into T lymphocytes, and used as tumor therapy, mainly for leukemias. Genetic therapy also includes oligonucleotides, which consist of around 20 nucleotides. Several such compounds have been approved for clinical use. Gene editing, which was a utopia, only a few years ago, has now become a clinical reality. In the main, rather small patient groups have been treated and a future challenge is the scale-up of manufacturing processes and the cost-effective use of the new therapies.
🦠🚫💉👍🏼
2021-09-11 at 8:57 PM UTC
Ajax
African Astronaut
[rumor the placative aphakia]
Originally posted by ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
The fact remains that mRNA gene therapies have never been used on human populations before, and there's no way to tell what short or long term damage it can do. At this point, it's on par with a good game of Russian Roulette.
Just say it. They scare you, kid.
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2021-09-11 at 9:09 PM UTC
Even though the concept of mRNA vaccines sounds relatively advanced, it dates back to 1995, when Robert and his team designed the first mRNA vaccine that encoded cancer antigens.
All this work in mRNA therapeutics laid the cornerstone of the first mRNA company ever founded: Merix Bioscience (1997).
In 2009, researchers conducted the first-ever trial on cancer immunotherapy using mRNA-based vaccines in human subjects with metastatic melanoma. The results of the trial showed an increase in the number of vaccine-directed T cells against melanoma.
In 2020, the FDA approved the first mRNA-based vaccines against an infectious disease SARS-CoV-2. This was only made possible by decades of research on mRNA-based therapeutics.
The science behind the new COVID-19 vaccines has not been rushed. In fact, these vaccines are building on decades of scientific research.
The story involves hundreds of people all over the world and highlights the importance of fundamental and applied research. Advancements in our understanding of messenger RNA (mRNA) and its potential for use in medicines, along with the creation of new technologies over the last 30 years, made these vaccines possible. Recent research on coronaviruses, in particular, made these vaccines effective.
2021-09-11 at 9:31 PM UTC
SARS-CoV-2 does not conform to the central dogma of molecular biology. The virus presents to the cytoplasm as a positive-sense single-stranded RNA ((+)ssRNA), where it is translated by ribosomes into two polypeptides, pp1a and pp1ab, followed by a second translation into spike, envelope, membrane & nucleocapsid proteins, which merge into the endoplasmic reticulum & the Golgi apparatus - thereby forming a copy of itself. Ivermectin acts on the nucleus. However the entire replication of SARS-CoV-2 circumvents entry into the nucleus, as it comes prepackaged as a (+)ssRNA. Ivermectin would therefore be completely ineffective in the inhibition of SARS-CoV-2.
